Allelopathic Effects on Seeds Germination of Lactuca Sativa L. Seeds and Antibacterial Activity of Thymus Capitatus Essential Oil from Zintan-Libya flora
Keywords:
Allelopathy, antimicrobial activity, essential oils, Thymus capitatus.Abstract
The present study was amid to evaluate the essential oil composition of Thymus capitatus and its allelopathy effects on seeds germination of Lactuca sativa L., based on germination assay, also antibacterial activity was tested against to bacteria species (Salmonella gallinarum and E. coli ) using the disc diffusion method. The oil analysis by GC-MS, showed that the main class was oxygenated monoterpenes with percentage (87.61 %), while hydrocarpons monterpend represented by (10.46 %) of the total oil, and the dominated compounds were carvacrol (68.19 %), thymol (12.29 %) and p-cymene (3.25 %) respectively. The allelopathy effect based on germination assay, where we used three essential oil concentration (0.5 µl/ml, 1 µl/ml, 2 µl/ml) showed that the activity increase with the increase of the oil concentration and the inhibition percent (IP) reached 96.66 % and germination percentage (GP) 3.4 % at the maximum concentration (2µl/ml) compared with control which was only water IP 0 % and GP (100%). In the case of antimicrobial activity the oil showed activity better than positive control (Gentamycine) against the two bacteria species and diameter of the clear zone around the discs were (35 mm, 32mm, 15 mm) for S. gallinarum, E. coli and positive control respectively.
References
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[26] Giweli, A., Džami? A., Sokovi?, M., Risti?, M. and Marin P. (2013) Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Thymus algeriensis wild-growing in Libya. Central European Journal of Biology, 8, 504-511.
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[29] Angelini, L.G., Gorpanese, G., Cioni, P.L., Morelli, I., Macchia, m. and Flamini, G. (2003) Essential oils from Mediterranean Lamiaceae as weeds germination inhibitors. Agriculture and food chemistry Journal, 8, 58-64..
[30] Lin, C, Owen M. and Sand. J. (2007) Volatiles organic compounds in the root and rhizosphere of Pimus spp. Soil Biology and. Biochemistry, 39, 951-960.
[31] Verdeguer, M., Blazquez, M.A. and Boira, H. (2009) Phytotoxic effects of Lantana camara, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eriocephalus africanus essential oils in weeds of Mediterranean summer crops. Biochemical systematics, 37, 362-369.
[2] Rice, E.L. (1984) Allelopathy. 2nd edt. New York, Acadamic Press, Orlando, FL.
[3] Chou, C. (1999) Roles of Allelopathy in Plant Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 18, 609-636.
[4] Jafri, S.M.H., El-gadi A.(1985) Flora of Libya. (ed) Al Faateh University. Faculty of Science. Department of Botany, Tripoli, Libya, vol (118).
[5] Pottier-Alapetite, G. (1981) Flora of Tunisia, (ed.) Angiosperms Dicotyledons gamopetalous. Tunisia.
[6] Le Floch, E., and Boulos, L. (2008) Flora of Tunisia synonymous Reviewed Catalog, Montepellier.
[7] Bolous, L. (2002). Flora of Egypt Vol. (3) printed al hadara publishing Cai ro, Egypt . P. 13, 34.
[8] Džami?, A.M., Nikoli?, B.J., Giweli, A.A., Miti?-?ulafi?, D.S., Sokovi? M.D., Risti? M.S., Kneževi?-Vuk?evi? J.B., and Marin P.D. (2015) Libyan Thymus capitatus essential oil: antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and colon pathogen adhesion-inhibition properties. Journal of Appllied Microbiology, 119, 389-399.
[9] Kulisic, T., Radonic, A., katalinic, V., and Milos, M.(2004) Use of different methods for the testing activity of oregano essential oil. Food Chemistry, 85, 633-640.
[10] Hussain, A. I., Anwar, F., Sherazi, S. T. H., and Przybylski, R. (2008) Chemical composition. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils depends on seasonal variations. Food Chemistry, 108, 986-995.
[11] European Pharmacopoeia (2004) 5th ed, Vol. I, 2.8.12 Council of Europe: Strasbourg Cedex, France, pp 217– 218.
[12] Adams, R.P. (2007) Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, (4ed) Allured Publ. Corp., Carol Stream, IL.
[13] Kim, J. M., Marshall, M. R., Cornell, J. A., Preston, J. F., and Wei, C. I. (1995) Antibacterial activity of carvacrol, citral, and geraniol against Salmonellaagainst Salmonella typhimurium in culture medium and on fish cubes, Journal of Food Science, 60, 1364-1368.
[14] Hemada, m. and El-Darier (2011) Comparative study on composition and biological actovoty of essential oils of two Thymus species grown in Egypt. American-Eurasian Journal of Agrricultural and Environment Science, 11, 647-651.
[15] Chung, IM, Ahn JK, Yun SJ. (2001) Assessment of allelopathic potential of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Crop Protection, 20, 921–928.
[16] Halender, I.M, Alakomi, H.L., Latva-Kala, K., Mattila-Sandhom, T., Pol, I., Smid, E.J, Gorris L.M.G, and Von Wright A. (1998) Characterization of the action of selected essential oil components on gram negative bacteria, J. Agriculture food chemistry, 46, 3590-3595.
[17] Awan, I.U., Khan M.A., Zareef M., and Khan E.A. (2009) Weed management in sunflower with allelopathic water extract and reduce doses of an herbcide, Weed science Society of Pakistan, 15, 19-30.
[18] Goren A.C., Bilsel G., Bilsel M., Demir H. and Kocabas E.E. (2003) Analysis of essential oil of Coridothymus capitatus (L.) and its antibacterial and antifungal activity, Z. Naturforsch.-Sect. Journal of Biosciences, 58, 687–690.
[19] Skoula, M., and Grayer, R. J. (2005) Volatile oils of Coridothymus capitatus, Satureja thymbra, Satureja spinosa and Thymbra calostachya (Lamiaceae) from Crete. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20, 573–576.
[20] Adams, S., Kunz, B., and Weidenbörner, M. (1996) Mycelial deformations of Cladosporium herbarum due to the application of eugenol and carvacrol, Journal of Essential Oil Research 8, 535-540.
[21] Adam, K., Sivropoulu, A., Kokkini, S., Lanaras, T., and Arsenakis, M. (1998) Antifungal activities of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, Mentha spicata, Lavandula angustifolia and Salvia fruticosa essential oils against human pathogenic fungi, Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 46, 1739-1745.
[22] Giordiani, R., Hadef, Y., Kaloustina, J. ( 2008) Compositions and antifungal activities of essential oils of some Algerian aromatic plants. Fitoterapia, 79, 199-203.
[23] Blois M.S., (1985) Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature,181, 1199–1200.
[24] Sokovic, M., Tzakou, O., Pitarakoli, D., and Couladis, M. (2002) Antifungal activities of selected aromatic plants growing wild in Greece. Food Nahrung 46, 317–320.
[25] Hazzit, M., Baaliouamer, A., Verissimo, A.R., Faleiro, M.L., and Miguel, M.G. (2009) Chemical composition and biological activities of Algerian Thymus oils. Food Chemistry, 116, 714-721.
[26] Giweli, A., Džami? A., Sokovi?, M., Risti?, M. and Marin P. (2013) Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Thymus algeriensis wild-growing in Libya. Central European Journal of Biology, 8, 504-511.
[27] Gill, A. O., Delaquis, P., Russo, P., and Holley, R. A. (2002) Evaluation of antilisterialaction of cilantro oil on vacuum packed ham, International Journal of Food Microbiology. 73, 83-92.
[28] Fischer, N.H, Williamson, G.B., Weidenhamer, J.D., Richardson, D.R. (1994) In search of allelopathy in the Florida scrub: the role of terpenoids. journal of chemistry and ecology, 20, 1355-1380.
[29] Angelini, L.G., Gorpanese, G., Cioni, P.L., Morelli, I., Macchia, m. and Flamini, G. (2003) Essential oils from Mediterranean Lamiaceae as weeds germination inhibitors. Agriculture and food chemistry Journal, 8, 58-64..
[30] Lin, C, Owen M. and Sand. J. (2007) Volatiles organic compounds in the root and rhizosphere of Pimus spp. Soil Biology and. Biochemistry, 39, 951-960.
[31] Verdeguer, M., Blazquez, M.A. and Boira, H. (2009) Phytotoxic effects of Lantana camara, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eriocephalus africanus essential oils in weeds of Mediterranean summer crops. Biochemical systematics, 37, 362-369.
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Published
2016-02-27
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Giweli, A., Said, A., Aoun, T., & Elhaji, N. (2016). Allelopathic Effects on Seeds Germination of Lactuca Sativa L. Seeds and Antibacterial Activity of Thymus Capitatus Essential Oil from Zintan-Libya flora. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 17(1), 121–131. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/1333
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