Evaluation of Lean Distribution Systems of Electricity Production Networks with Mathematical Programming and Simulation Method in Photovoltaic Power Generations
Keywords:
Mathematical programming, electricity production, solar power plants, simulation method, lean manufacturing, photovoltaic power generations.Abstract
Nowadays waste of energy is one of the most important problems power plants are faced with all over the world. Because of costly energy sources, notably fossil energy, renewable energy technologies are becoming more indispensable. Since no specific published record has yet been found of studying mathematical programming and simulation method applied to solar power plants and photovoltaic power generations in buildings as a lean manufacturing method, in this paper, by using mathematical programming and simulation method, we propose an approach consisting of the combination of mathematical and economic models used for distribution systems of electricity transmission networks in solar power plants installed out of the city, and photovoltaic power generations in buildings of the city.
The main approach is to use the simulation method for both models and compare the results with each other. Finally, by analyzing the test results, the optimum process of solar energy is presented. This aims- above all- to lead to cost reduction by appraising the percentage of country energy demand in distribution systems of electricity transmission networks. Moreover, the paper goes on to discuss constructing new solar power plants, or using new methods and technologies to satisfy the country demand which has the minimum rate of energy waste and the maximum earned value. Besides, system costs and the rate of energy waste during the transmission are considered as two criteria for comparison, and then by the test results of the simulation, the optimum procedure of the suggested models is presented.
References
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[42] V. Badescu. “Time Dependent Model of a Complex PV Water Pumping System.” Renew Energy, vol. 28, pp. 543–560, 2003.
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[49] S.A. Kalogirou. “Environmental Benefits of Domestic Solar Energy Systems.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 45, pp. 3075–92, 2004.
[50] S. Kalogirou, S. Lloyd. “Use of Solar Parabolic Trough Collectors for Hot Water Production in Cyprus- a Feasibility Study.” Renewable Energy, vol. 2, pp. 117–24, 1992.
[51] S. Kalogirou, C. Papamarcou. “Modelling of a Thermosyphon Solar Water Heating System and Simple Model Validation.” Renew Energy, vol. 21, pp. 471–93, 2000.
[52] S. Rehman, M.A. Bader, S.A. Al-Moallem. “Cost of Solar Energy Generated Using PV Panels.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 11, pp. 43–57, 2007.
[53] S. Price, R. Margolis. “Solar Technologies Market Report.” Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, US Department of Energy, 2010, pp. 1–131.
[54] K. Branker, M.J.M. Pathak, J.M. Pearcea. “A Review of Solar Photovoltaic Levelized Cost of Electricity.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, pp. 4470–82, 2011.
[55] Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2010, December 2009, DOE/EIA-0383, 2009 (http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/).
[56] H. R. Feili, N. Akar, H. Lotfizadeh, M. Bairampour, S. Nasiri. “Risk Analysis of Geothermal Power Plants Using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Technique.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 72, pp. 69-76, 2013.
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[59] J. Bicheno. The lean toolbox. Picsie books, Buckingham, 2000.
[60] H. R. Feili, S. Nasiri, N. Akar. “Integrating Risk Management and Value Engineering in the Development of Renewable Energy Project.” 6th International Symposium on Advances in Science and Technology, Malaysia, 2012.
[61] J. Banks, J.S. Carson. “Applying the Simulation Process.” WSC’ 87 Proceedings of 19th Conference on Winter Simulation, New York, USA., 1987, pp. 68-71.
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[2]. M.M. Ardehali, M. Shahrestani, C.C. Adams. “Energy Simulation of Solar Assisted Absorption System and Examination of Clearness Index Effects on Auxiliary Heating.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 48, pp. 864–870, 2007.
[3] S.A. Kalogirou, Y. Tripanagnostopoulos. “Hybrid PV/T Solar Systems for Domestic Hot Water and Electricity Production.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 47, pp. 3368–3382, 2006.
[4] R. Perez, R. Seals, C. Herig. “PV Can Add Capacity for the Grid.” NREL, Golden – USA: NREL Publication, DOC/GO-10096-262, 1996, pp. 1–4.
[5] F. Ferdowsi, C. S. Edrington, T. El-mezyani. “Small Signal Stability Assessment in Power Electronic-Based Components,” 2015 FREEDM Systems Center Annual Industry Review and Conference, Raleigh, NC, Jan 2015.
[6] R. Perez, W. Berkheiser, R. Stewart. “Analysis of Licoln Center Experimental Data for Investigation of Photovoltaic Peak Load Matching Potential.” Report ASRC 1281 to the New York Power Authority, pp. 1–29, 1989.
[7] P. Knob, R. Ru¨ ther, C.S. Jardim, H.G. Beyer. “Investigating the peak demand reduction capability of PV: a case study in Florianopolis, south Brazil.” In: Proceedings of the 19th European photovoltaic solar energy conference, Paris – France, 2014, pp. 877–890.
[8] S.M. Sajjadi, A.S. Yazdankhah, F. Ferdowsi. “A New Gumption Approach for Economic Dispatch Problem with Losses Effect Based on Valve-point Active Power.” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 92, pp. 81-86, November 2012.
[9] L.L. Garver. “Effective Load Carrying Capability of Generating Units.” IEEE Trans Power Appar Syst, vol. 85, pp. 910–919, 1966.
[10] R. Perez, S. Letendre, C. Herig. “PV and grid reliability: availability of PV power during capacity shortfalls.” In: Proceedings of the American solar energy society – ASES annual conference, Washington, DC, 2001, pp. 1–4.
[11] R. Perez, T. Hoff, C. Herig, J. Shah. “Maximizing PV Peak Shaving with Solar Load Control Validation of a Web-based Economic Evaluation Tool.” Sol Energy, vol. 74, pp. 409–415, 2003.
[12] C.D. Yue, G.R. Huang. “An Evaluation of Domestic Solar Energy Potential in Taiwan Incorporating Land Use Analysis.” Energy Policy, vol. 39, pp. 7988–8002, 2011.
[13] J. Liu, J. Liu, H.W. Linderholm, D. Chen, Q. Yu, D. Wu. “Observation and Calculation of the Solar Radiation on the Tibetan Plateau.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 57, pp. 23–32, 2012.
[14] H.F. Naspolini, H.S.G. Militao, R. Ruther. “The Role and Benefits of Solar Water Heating in the Energy Demands of Low-income Dwellings in Brazil.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 51, pp. 2835–2845, 2010.
[15] H. Duzen, H. Aydin. “Sunshine-based Estimation of Global Solar Radiation on Horizontal Surface at Lake Van Region (Turkey).” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 58, pp. 35–46, 2012.
[16] L.M. Ayompe, A. Duffy, S.J. McCormack, M. Conlon. “Measured Performance of a 1.72 kW Rooftop Grid Connected Photovoltaic System in Ireland.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 52, pp. 816–825, 2011.
[17] S. Izquierdo, C. Montan, C. Dopazo, N. Fueyo. “Roof-top Solar Energy Potential Under Performance-based Building Energy Codes: The Case of Spain.” Sol Energy, vol. 85, pp. 208–213, 2011.
[18] F. Dincer. “The Analysis on Photovoltaic Electricity Generation Status, Potential and Policies of the Leading Countries in Solar Energy.” Renew Sustain Energy Rev, vol. 15, pp. 713–20, 2011.
[19] I. Colak, S. Sagiroglu, M. Demirtas, M. Yesilbudak. “A Data Mining Approach: Analyzing Wind Speed and Insolation Period Data in Turkey for Installations of Wind and Solar Power Plants.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 65, pp. 185–97, 2013.
[20] H. Günther. “In Hundred Years-future Energy Supply of the World.” Stuttgart: Kosmos, Franckh’sche Verlagshandlung, 1931.
[21] N. Pasumarthi, S.A. Sherif. “Experimental and Theoretical Performance of a Demonstration Solar Chimney Model – Part I: Mathematical Model Development.” Int J Energy Res. vol. 22, pp. 277–288. 1998.
[22] A.J. Gannon, T.W von Backstrom, T.W. “Solar Chimney Cycle Analysis with System Loss and Solar Collector Performance.” Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, vol. 122, pp. 133–37, 2000.
[23] T. Meyer, J. Luther. “On the Correlation of Electricity Spot Market Prices and Photovoltaic Electricity Generation.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 45, pp. 2639–2644, 2004.
[24] J.K. Kaldellis. “Optimum Techno Economic Energy Autonomous Photovoltaic Solution for Remote Consumers throughout Greece.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 45, pp. 2745–60, 2004.
[25] J Zhao, Y. Song, W.H. Lam, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, D.Y. Wang. “Solar Radiation Transfer and Performance Analysis of an Optimum Photovoltaic/thermal System.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 52, pp. 1343–1353, 2011.
[26] R. Shah, N. Mithulananthan, R.C. Bansal. “Oscillatory Stability Analysis with High Penetrations of Large-scale Photovoltaic Generation.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 65, pp. 420–429, 2013.
[27] F. Ferdowsi, C. S. Edrington, T. El-mezyani. “Real-time Stability Assessment Utilizing Non-linear Time Series Analysis.” North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Charlotte, NC, 2015, pp. 1-6.
[28] J.C. Hernández, A. Medina, F. Jurado. “Impact Comparison of PV System Integration into Rural and Urban Feeders.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 49, pp. 1747–1765, 2008.
[29] Y.T. Tan, D.S. Kirschen, N. Jenkins. “A Model of PV Generation Suitable for Stability Analysis.” IEEE Trans Energy Conversion, vol. 19, pp. 748–755, 2004.
[30] L. Wang, T. Lin. “Dynamic Stability and Transient Response of Multiple Grid Connected PV System.” In: IEEE-PES T&D conference, 2008.
[31] F. Ferdowsi, A. Sadeghi Yazdankhah, H. Rohani. “A Combinative Method to Control Output Power Fluctuations of Large Grid-connected Photovoltaic Systems,” Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2014 14th International Conference on, Krakow, 2014, pp. 260-264.
[32] L. Wang, Y.H. Lin. “Dynamic Stability Analysis of a Photovoltaic Array Connected to a Large Utility Grid.” In: IEEE power engineering society winter meeting, 2000.
[33] L. Wang, Y.H. Lin. “Random Fluctuation on Dynamic Stability of a Grid-connected Photovoltaic Array.” IEEE Trans Power Syst, vol. 3, pp. 985–989, 2001.
[34] S. Achilles, S. Schramm, J. Bebic. “Transmission System Performance Analysis for High Penetration Photovoltaics.” National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report, February 2008.
[35] Y.T. Tan, D.S. Kirschen. “Impact on Power System of a Large Penetration of Photovoltaic Generator.” In: IEEE-PES general meeting, 2007.
[36] V. Badescu. “Simple Optimization Procedure for Silicon-based Solar Cell Interconnection in a Series–parallel PV Module.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 47, pp. 1146–1158, 2006.
[37] K. Khouzam, L. Khouzam, P.P. Groumbos. “Optimum Matching of Loads to the Photovoltaic Array.” Sol Energy, vol. 46, pp. 101–108, 1996.
[38] P.P. Groumbos, G. Papageorgiou. “An Optimum Load Management Strategy for Stand-alone Photovoltaic Power Systems.” Sol Energy, vol. 46, pp. 121–8, 1991.
[39] arXiv:1604.06691 [cs.SY]
[40] K.Y. Khouzam. “The Load Matching Approach to Sizing Photovoltaic Systems with Short-term Energy Storage.” Sol Energy, vol. 53, pp. 403–409, 1994.
[41] V. Badescu. “Dynamic Model of a Complex System Including PV Cells, Electric Battery, Electrical Motor and Water Pump.” Energy, vol. 28, pp. 1165–1181, 2003.
[42] V. Badescu. “Time Dependent Model of a Complex PV Water Pumping System.” Renew Energy, vol. 28, pp. 543–560, 2003.
[43] K. Kalaitzakis. “Optimum PV System Dimensioning with Obstructed Solar Radiation.” Renew Energy, vol. 7, pp. 51–56, 1996.
[44] M.S. Bhatt, R.S. Kumar. “Performance Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants–Experimental Results.” Int J Renew Energy Eng, vol. 2, pp. 184–192, 2000.
[45] N.K. Gautam, N.D. Kaushika. “Reliability Evaluation of Solar Photovoltaic Arrays.” Sol Energy, vol. 72 (2), pp. 129–141, 2002.
[46] A.M. Morega, A. Bejan. “A Constructal Approach to the Optimal Design of Photovoltaic Cells and Modules.” Conference OPTIM 2002, May 16–17, Brasov (Romania), 1H.2, 2002, pp. 251–256.
[47] A.J. Carr, T.L. Pryor. “A Comparison of the Performance of Different PV Module Types in Temperate Climate.” Sol Energy, vol. 76, pp. 285–294, 2004.
[48] Y. Hirata, T. Inasaka, T. Tani. “Output Variation of Photovoltaic Modules with Environmental Factors II Seasonal Variation.” Sol Energy, vol. 63, pp. 185–189, 1998.
[49] S.A. Kalogirou. “Environmental Benefits of Domestic Solar Energy Systems.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 45, pp. 3075–92, 2004.
[50] S. Kalogirou, S. Lloyd. “Use of Solar Parabolic Trough Collectors for Hot Water Production in Cyprus- a Feasibility Study.” Renewable Energy, vol. 2, pp. 117–24, 1992.
[51] S. Kalogirou, C. Papamarcou. “Modelling of a Thermosyphon Solar Water Heating System and Simple Model Validation.” Renew Energy, vol. 21, pp. 471–93, 2000.
[52] S. Rehman, M.A. Bader, S.A. Al-Moallem. “Cost of Solar Energy Generated Using PV Panels.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 11, pp. 43–57, 2007.
[53] S. Price, R. Margolis. “Solar Technologies Market Report.” Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, US Department of Energy, 2010, pp. 1–131.
[54] K. Branker, M.J.M. Pathak, J.M. Pearcea. “A Review of Solar Photovoltaic Levelized Cost of Electricity.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, pp. 4470–82, 2011.
[55] Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2010, December 2009, DOE/EIA-0383, 2009 (http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/).
[56] H. R. Feili, N. Akar, H. Lotfizadeh, M. Bairampour, S. Nasiri. “Risk Analysis of Geothermal Power Plants Using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Technique.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 72, pp. 69-76, 2013.
[57] J.P. Womack, J. Denialt. Lean Thinking. 1st ed., Simon & Schuster, 1996.
[58] R.G. Askin, J.B. Goldberg. Design and Analysis of Lean Production Systems. the University of Michigan, Wiley, 2002.
[59] J. Bicheno. The lean toolbox. Picsie books, Buckingham, 2000.
[60] H. R. Feili, S. Nasiri, N. Akar. “Integrating Risk Management and Value Engineering in the Development of Renewable Energy Project.” 6th International Symposium on Advances in Science and Technology, Malaysia, 2012.
[61] J. Banks, J.S. Carson. “Applying the Simulation Process.” WSC’ 87 Proceedings of 19th Conference on Winter Simulation, New York, USA., 1987, pp. 68-71.
[62] F. Azadivar. “Simulation Optimization Methodologies.” Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation Conference, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A., 1999, pp. 93-100.
[63] G. David, Y. Yinyu. Linear and Nonlinear Programming. 3rd ed., Springer, 2008.
[64] J.R. Nyquist, R. Martin. Director 8 and Lingo Bible. 1st ed., Wiley, 2000.
[65] F.S. Hillier, G.J. Lieberman. Introduction to Operation Research. Seventh ed., McGraw-Hill College, 2000.
[66] M. Momeni Tabar, N. Akar, D. Zaghi, H. R. Feili, M. Ghaderi. “Fuzzy Mathematical Modeling of Distribution Network through Location Allocation Model in a Three-level Supply Chain Design.” Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, vol. 9 (3), pp. 165 – 174, 2013.
[67] J.L. Riggs, T.M. West. Engineering Economics. Third ed., McGraw-Hill, 1986.
[68] K. Velten. Mathematical Modeling and Simulation. First ed., Wiley, 2009.
[69] N. Akar, E. Daj, S. Sharifi Boroojerdi, M. Souri. “Using Fuzzy Supply Chain Management in Food Industry.” International Journal of Engineering Innovation & Research (IJEIR), vol. 5 (3), pp. 206-209, 2016.
[70] K. David, P. Randall, D.A. Sadowski. Simulation with Arena with CD-ROM. 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 2001.
[71] Solar panels cost in US, < http://www.solarpanels-cost.info/solar-panels-cost-in-us/>.
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2016-07-03
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Boroojerdi, S. S., Zaghi, D., Tabar, M. M., & Kohan, A. Z. (2016). Evaluation of Lean Distribution Systems of Electricity Production Networks with Mathematical Programming and Simulation Method in Photovoltaic Power Generations. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 21(1), 140–162. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/1713
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