Potassium Uptake as Influenced by Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) Cake, Neem Oil and NPK on Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Guinea Savannah Zone of Ghana
Keywords:
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Neem cake, Neem Oil and MaizeAbstract
The research study was conducted at the experimental farm of University for Development Studies, Nyankpala-Tamale in northern region, Ghana during the 2021 growing season to evaluate the effect of inorganic NPK fertilizer, Neem cake and neem oil as soil amendments on maize P uptake and grain yield. A 3 × 3 × 2 factorial experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of three levels of neem cake (0, 200 and 400 kg ha-1), three levels of neem oil (0, 10 and 20 L ha-1) and two levels of NPK (0 and 250 kg ha-1). Parameters examined were plant height, crop growth rate, chlorophil content (using spad), leaf area index (LAI), K uptake and grain yield. The study revealed plant height, uptake of K, grain yield and biological yield of maize increased with increased rate of neem cake (200 to 400 kg ha-1) when combined with 250 kg NPK/ha. Plant height, growth rate, uptake and uptake efficiency of K and grain yield of the crop decreased with increased rate of neem oil from 10 l/ha to 20 l/ha, when combined with 250 kg NPK/ha. The results showed combining 250 kg NPK/ha with 400 kg/ha neem cake increased K uptake by 34% (from 99 kg/ha to 133 kg/ha) compared to the recommended NPK rate. Application of 250 kg NPK/ha plus 400 kg/ha neem cake gave grain yield of 7637 kg/ha representing 61% increment over the application of only the inorganic fertilizer (4736 kg/ha), .and biological yield of 26873 kg/ha as maximum entries. The results of the study posited important implications for soil health management for enhanced maize production.
References
Dwivedi, K., Mehera, B., Suman, S., & Ganesh, M. V. S. (2022). Impact of organic manures, zinc and boron on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.).
Scheiterle, L., & Birner, R. (2018). Assessment of Ghana’s comparative advantage in maize production and the role of fertilizers. Sustainability, 10(11), 4181.
Wongnaa, C. A., Bakang, J. E. A., Asiamah, M., Appiah, P., & Asibey, J. K. (2021). Adoption and compliance with Council for Scientific and Industrial Research recommended maize production practices in Ashanti region, Ghana. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development.
Abdulai, S., Nkegbe, P.K. and Donkor, S.A. (2018), “Assessing the technical efficiency of maize production in Northern Ghana: the data envelopment analysis approach”, Cogent Food and Agriculture, Vol. 4 No. 1, doi: 10.1080/23311932.2018.1512390.
FAOSTAT. Available online: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home (accessed on 14 September 2018)
MoFA (2019). Agriculture in Ghana. Facts and figures.
Amanor?Boadu, V. (2012). Maize Price Trends in Ghana (2007?2011). USAID-METSS Report: Ghana Research and Issue Paper Series # 01?2012, April 2012.
SRID-MoFA. (2011). Statistics Research and Information Directorate (SRID), “Agriculture in Ghana: Facts and Figures”, May 2011.
Tengan, K. M., K. Obeng-Antwi, M. B. Ewool, C. F. Danso. 2011. CSIR-Crops Research Institute: maize improvement programme. Fact sheet.
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research/Savannah Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI) (1996). Annual Report 1996.
Marschner, H. (1995). Rhizosphere pH effects on phosphorus nutrition. Genetic manipulation of crop plants to enhance integrated nutrient management in cropping systems, 1, 107-115.
IFDC. (2019). Ghana fertilizer value chain optimization study. International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC).
Anorvey, V. Y., Asiedu, E. K. and Dapaah, H. K. (2018). Growth and Yield of Maize as Influenced by Using Lumax 537.5 SE for Weed Control in the Transitional Agroecological Zone of Ghana. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science. 21(2): 1-11.
RELC, NR. (2005). Outcomes of Northern Region RELC Planning Session for 2005. Tamale.
Sanginga, N., (2003). Role of biological nitrogen fixation in legume based cropping systems; a case study of West Africa farming systems. Plant Soil 252, 25–39.
Bagarama, F. M., Shenkalwa, E., & Matata, Z. P. (2012, September). The effect of gypsum and NPK fertiliser on groundnut performance in Western Tanzania. In Third RUFORUM Biennial Meeting (pp. 24-28).
Okoboi, G., & Barungi, M. (2012). Constraints to fertiliser use in Uganda: Insights from Uganda Census of Agriculture 2008/9 (No. 677-2016-46643).Radwanski, S.A. & Wickens, G.E. (1981). Vegetative fallows and potential value of the neem tree in the tropics. Econ. Bot., 35:398-414.
Neeteson, J.J., Booij, R., Whitmore, A.P. (1999). A review on sustainable nitrogen management in intensive vegetable production systems. Acta Hort. 506:17–26.
Agostini, F., Tei. F., Silgram, M., Farneselli, M., Benincasa, P., Aller, M.F. (2010). Decreasing N leaching in vegetable crops through improvements in N fertiliser management, Genetic engineering, biofertilisation, soil quality and organic farming, ed Lichtfouse E. (Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands) Sustainable Agr. Rev. Vol. 4, pp 147–200.
Iren OB, Uwah ID, Ekpenyong VE.( 2015). Response of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis, hook f.) to different levels of poultry manure application in an ultisol of southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Organic Agriculture and Environment.;3:5-14.
Iren OB, Ediene VF, Uwah ID, Ekpenyong VE.( 2016). Influence of varied ratios of cassava peels and pig manure - based compost on soil properties and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench). Proceedings of 50th Annual Conference of Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN), Abia, Umudike.;1061–1064.
Garba, J., & Oyinlola, E. Y. (2014). Neem seed cake and inorganic fertilizer amendments for sustained productivity of maize (Zea mays) on Nigerian savanna Alfisols. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, 2(8), 146-155.
Krupnik, T. J., Six J., Ladha, J.K., Paine, M.J. and Kessel, C.V. (2004). An assessment of fertilizer nitrogen recovery by grains crop. In agriculture and the nitrogen. Assessing the impacts of fertilizer use on food production and the environment (scope 65). (Mosier and his colleagueseds). Island press, London. Pp 193 -208
Singh, D. N., Bohra, J. S., & Singh, J. K. (2016). Influence of NPK, S and variety on growth, yield and quality of irrigated linseed (Linum usitatissimum). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 83(4), 456-458.
Rao, G.G.E., Thimmegowda, S., Chalapathi, M.V., Kumar, N.D., Prakash, J.C. and Mallikarjuna, K., (2000). Relative efficiency of neem coated and prilled urea in lowland rice under different irrigation regimes. Environment and Ecology, 18(1):49-52.
Pushpanathan, K.R., Vijayakumar, M. and Siddeswaran, K., (2005). Effect of forms of fertilizer nitrogen and timing of application on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa l.). Agriculture Review, 2:153-156
Sharma, S.N and Prasad, R. (1996): Use of nitrification inhibitors (neem and DCD) to increase N efficiency in maize-wheat system. Fert. Res., 44: 169-175.
Singh, S. and Shivay, Y.S., (2003). Coating of prilled urea with ecofriendly neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) formulations for efficient nitrogen use in hybrid rice. Acta agronomica hungarica, 51(1): 53-59.
Lokanadhan, S., Muthukrishnan, P., & Jeyaraman, S. (2012). Neem products and their agricultural applications. Journal of Biopesticides, 5, 72-76.
SARI (2007). Annual Report of the Savannah Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) – Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Ghana, Nyankpala, Northern Region, Ghana
Kombiok, J. M., Buah, S. S. J., & Sogbedji, J. M. (2012). Enhancing Soil Fertility for Cereal Crop Production Through Biological Practices and the Integration of Organic and In- Organic Fertilizers in Northern Savanna Zone of Ghana. In (Ed.), Soil Fertility. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/53414.
Rahman, M. M., Uddin, M. M., & Shahjahan, M. (2013). Management of okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (fabricius) using chemical and botanical insecticides for different okra varieties. International Research Journal of Applied Life Sciences, 2(1).
Aboyeji, C. M. (2022). Effects of application of organic formulated fertiliser and composted Tithonia diversifolia leaves on the growth, yield and quality of okra. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 38(1), 17-28.
Ghafoor, I., Habib-ur-Rahman, M., Ali, M., Afzal, M., Ahmed, W., Gaiser, T., & Ghaffar, A. (2021). Slow-release nitrogen fertilizers enhance growth, yield, NUE in wheat crop and reduce nitrogen losses under an arid environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(32), 43528-43543.
Ramachandran, S., Singh, S. K., Larroche, C., Soccol, C. R., & Pandey, A. (2007). Oil cakes and their biotechnological applications–A review. Bioresource technology, 98(10), 2000-2009.
Roshan, A., & Verma, N. K. (2015). A brief study on neem (Azadirachta indica A.) and its application–A review. Research Journal of Phytomedicine, 1(1), 01- 03.
Hindersah, R., Kamaluddin, N. N., Samanta, S., Banerjee, S., & Sarkar, S. (2020). Role and perspective of Azotobacter in crops production. SAINS TANAH-Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology, 17(2), 170-179.
Piya, S., Shrestha, I., Gauchan, D. P., & Lamichhane, J. (2018). Vermicomposting in organic Agriculture: Influence on the soil nutrients and plant growth. International Journal of Research, 5(20), 1055-1063.
Sharma, N., Y. R. Shukla, K. Singh, and D. K. Mehta. (2020). Soil fertility, nutrient uptake, and yield of bell pepper as influenced by the conjoint application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 51:1626–40.
Geng, Y., Cao, G., Wang, L., & Wang, S. (2019). Effects of equal chemical fertilizer substitutions with organic manure on yield, dry matter, and nitrogen uptake of spring maize and soil nitrogen distribution. PloS one, 14(7), e0219512.
Devakumar, C., & Goswami, B. K. (1992). Nematicidal principles from neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Part III Isolation and bioassay of some neem meliacins. Pesticide Research Journal, 4(2), 81-86.
Kamal, V. R., Goyal, G., Tomar, S. S., & Gurjar, L. S. (2021). Effect of inorganic fertilizers and neem cake on the growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiata L.). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 10(11), 1087-1089.
Gurjar, P. C., Kothyari, H. S., Tanwar, A., Yadav, S., Bamboriya, J. S., Meena, A. K., & Choudhary, S. (2022). Effect of different levels of NPK, micronutrient, neem cake and PGPR on Plant growth and yield of maize.
Salma, M. U., & Hossain, S. (2021). Animal Manure, Neem Cake, Biochar, Vermicompost or Urea: Choosing the Better Option for Spinacia oleracea Growth and Soil Fertility. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 12(8), 1259-1275.
Bhunia, S., Bhowmik, A., Mallick, R., & Mukherjee, J. (2021). Agronomic efficiency of animal-derived organic fertilizers and their effects on biology and fertility of soil: A review. Agronomy, 11(5), 823.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.
