Chronic Toxicity Assessment of Histological Changes and Micronuclei in Fish Cyprinus carpio L. After Exposed to Copper
Keywords:
Keywords, Copper, common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), gill, liver, kidney, muscle Histological Changes, Micronucleus Test.Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the histological changes of (gill, liver, kidney and muscle) and The micronucleus test were applied in circulating erythrocytes of in freshwater fish common carp, Cyprinus carpio after chronic exposure to copper. For chronic tests, the fish were exposed to different concentrations (0.5, 0.9 and 1.2 mg/L) of copper for 3 and 6 weeks. Control fish were maintained in parallel with the experimental groups. Several histological alterations were observed in the gills, including the epithelium of gill filaments and secondary lamellae, degeneration and congestion of secondary lamellae and short villi. The liver showed dilation in cells hepatic, degenerative and necrosis of hepatocyte cell with mild inflammatory cell and accumulation of cholesterol inside the cell. Regarding in kidney, Renal tissue showed congestion and haemorrhage with certain degeneration and necrosis of renal tubules tissue. In the muscle, showed mild hyalinization of the skeletal muscles fibres with the loss of interstitial fibres in between the muscles fibres and focal degeneration and necrosis with mild inflammatory cell infiltration. Micronucleus test was applied to evaluate the genotoxic effects of heavy metals on Cyprinus carpio. Results of micronucleus test showed a progressive increase in the percentage of micronuclei (P?0.001) with increases in the intensity of exposure of copper. The obtained results showed that fish common carp, Cyprinus carpio erythrocytes are good models for cytotoxicity studies.
References
[2] A. M. Laura. , L. R. Jose. , M. D. M. Estela., C. N. Maria. , S. Elsa. and M. D. Luz. “ Alpha-tocopherol of protists against the renal damage caused by potassium dichromate ” Toxicol., 218, 237-264, 2006.
[3] T. Hosono. , S. C. Delinom. , R. Umezawa. , Y. Toyota. , T. Kaneko. and S. M. Taniguchi. “ Decline in heavy metal contamination in marine sediments in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia due to increasing environmental regulations ” Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 92, 297–306, 2011.
[4] N. Malik. , A. K. Biswas. , T. A. Qureshi. , K. Borana. and R. Virha. “ Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues of a freshwater lake of Bhopal ” Environ. Monitor. Assess., 160: 267-267, 2010.
[5] T. I. Moiseenko. , N. A. Gashkina. , Yu. N. Sharova. and L. P. Kudryavtseva. “ Ecotoxicological assessment of water quality and ecosystem health: A case study of the Volga River ” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 71: 837-850, 2008.
[6] V. Rajamanickam. “ Effect of heavy metals on the level of vitamin E, total lipid and glycogen reserves in the liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) ” Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology., 2, 391-399, 2008.
[7] G. Vosoghi. and B. Mostajir. “ Fresh water fishes ” Second edition, University of Tehran, 1986, pp. 175-178,
[8] S. F. Perry. and P. Laurent. “ Environmental effects on fish gill structure and function ” In: J.C. Rankin. and F.B. Jensen. Ed. Fish Ecophysiology. Chapman and Hall, London, 1993, pp. 231-264.
[9] A. Figuiredo-Fernandes. , A. Rontainhas-Fernandes. , E. Rocha. and M. A. Reis-Henriques. “ The effect of paraquat on hepatic EROD activity, liver and gonadal histology in males and females of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed at different temperatures ” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 51(4): 626-632, 2006.
[10] H. M. Soufy. , E. Soliman. , EI. Manakhly. and A. Gaafa. “ Some biochemical and pathological investigations on Monosex Tilapia following ” Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 43: 315-320, 2007.
[11] J. W. Hole. “ Essentials of human anatomy and physiology ” 4th ed. W. C. Brown. Publishers, Dubuque, 1992, pp.745-749.
[12] K. Al-Sabti. and C. D. Metcalfe. “ Fish micronuclei for assessing genotoxicity in water ” Mutation Research, vol. 343, pp. 121-135, 1995.
[13] K. Carrasco. , K. Tilbury. and M. Myers. “ Assessment of the piscine micronucleus test as an in situ biological indicator of chemical contaminant effects ” Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 47, pp. 2123-2136, 1990.
[14] Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) “ Manual of methods in aquatic environment research, part 10-Short-term static bioassay ” FAO Fish. Tech., Pap. 247, pp. 62, 1987.
[15] G. L. Humason. “Animal tissue techniques” 3rd ed, Freeman. W.H. and Company, 1972, San Francisco.
[16] F. Traganos. “ Lysosomal proton pump activity: Supravital cell staining with Acridine orange differentiates leukocyte subpopulations ” Method Cell Biol., 41, pp.185-194, 1994.
[17] R. Vinodini. and M. Narayanan. “ Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) ” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 5, pp. 179-182, 2008.
[18] A. Figueiredo-Fernandes. , J. V. Ferreira-Cardoso. , S. Garcia-Santos. , S. M. Monteiro. , J. Carrola. , P. Matos. and A. Fontainhas-Fernandes. “ Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to waterborne copper ” Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 27, pp. 103-109, 2007.
[19] P. Peebua. , M. Kruatrachue. , P. Pokethitiyook. and S. Singhakaew. “ Histopathological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreoechromis niloticus Tilapia zillii and Synodontis schall from EI-Salam canal, Egypt ” Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 7(3), pp. 99-138, 2008.
[20] M.S. Myers. , L.D. Rhodes. and B.B. McCain. “ Pathologic anatomy and patterns of occurrence of hepatic neoplasms, putative preneoplastic lesions, and other iodiopathic hepatic conditions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, Washington ” J. Natl Cancer. Inst., 78, pp. 333-363, 1987.
[21] Z. Varanka. , I. Rojik. , I. Varanka. , J. Nemcsók. and M. Ábrahám. “ Biochemical and morphological changes in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) liver following exposure to copper sulfate and tannic acid ” Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 128, pp. 467-478, 2001.
[22] S. Thophon. , M. Kruatrachue. , E. S. Upathan. , P. Pokethitiyook. , S. Sahaphong. and S. Jarikhuan. “Histopathological alterations of white seabass, Lates calcarifer in acute and subchronic cadmium exposure ” Environmental Pollution, 121, pp. 307-320, 2003.
[23] M. Pacheco. and M. A. Santos. “ Biotransformation, genotoxic and histopathological effects of environmental contaminants in European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. ” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 53, pp. 331-347, 2002.
[24] B. K. Das. and S. C. Mukherjee. “ A histopathological study of carp (Labeo rohita) exposed to hexachlorocyclohexane ” Veterinarski Arch, 70 (4), pp. 169-180, 2000.
[25] T. Çava?. , N. N. Garanko. and V. V. “ Arkhipchuk. Induction of micronuclei and binuclei in blood, gill and liver cells of fishes subchronically exposed to cadmium chloride and copper Sulphate ” Food Chem. Toxicol., 43, pp. 569-574, 2005.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.
