Phytochemical Screening and Nutritional Composition of Datura Innoxia Mill Extract as Traditional Medicine for Certain Illnesses in Eastern Part of Sierra Leone.

Authors

  • Augustine Kpaka Eastern University of Sierra Leone, Kenema, Sierra Leone
  • Albert Keifala Eastern University of Sierra Leone, Kenema, Sierra Leone
  • Franklyn B. Kanneh Eastern University of Sierra Leone, Kenema, Sierra Leone
  • Francis Amadu Eastern University of Sierra Leone, Kenema,Sierra Leone

Keywords:

Phytochemical, nutritional analysis, Datura innoxia

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the phytochemical and nutrient compositions of two morphological parts of D. innoxia; leaf and seed in order to provide Phytochemical and nutrient information about it. Phytochemical and nutrient composition was carried out on Datura innoxia leaf and seed.  Phytochemical screening result revealed the presence of atropine, alkaloids, scopolamine, essential oils, saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, as well as cardiacs glycosides; while tannins, Coumarins, Carboxylic acid and Valepotriates were absent in all the plant parts examined. The phytochemical screening based on the standard methods of tube reactions has been performed with ethanol extracts. The quantitative estimation of total polyphenols was made by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and that of flavonoids by the use of aluminum trichloride. The phytochemical screening revealed that leaves and seeds of this plant contain alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, triterpenes and saponin. Phenolic contents of ethanol extracts are 30.97 ± 0.33 mg equivalent gallic acid / g in leaves and 14.02 ± 0.15 mg equivalent gallic acid / g in seeds; those of flavonoids are 15.13 ± 0.2 mg equivalent of quercetin / g in the leaves and 4.93 ± 0.41 mg equivalent of quercetin / g in the seeds. The three tests showed that the leaves have a higher level of antiradical activity in vitro than seeds. The nutrient composition analysis indicated significant (P < 0.05) variation in crude protein content which ranged from 2.09% in the root to 17.21% in the leaf, moisture content (10.00% in seed to 7.5% in seed), crude lipid content 15.52% in the seed and 7.5% in the leaf. Total ash was highest in the leaf (21.59%) and least in the seed (8.26%) while nitrogen free extract was (46.67%) and 42.25% in the seed and leaf respectively. The phytochemical screening of the D. innoxia revealed the presence of important pharmacological bioactive substances as well as medicinal and nutritional potentials in the leaf, seed, stem, pod and root. It is thus suggested that more studies on concentrations of active ingredients, anti-nutritional factors and toxicity level be carried out. The aim of the present study was to determine the phytochemical and nutrient compositions of two morphological parts of D. innoxia; leaf and seed  in order to provide Phytochemical and nutrient information about it. Further more there were some constrais/ limitation during the research with regards getting the seeds since it a seasonal plant and the study was only limited to the Eastern part of sierra Leone, Kenema to be specific.

References

. Jaikumar B, Jasmine R. A review on a few medicinal plants possessing anticancer activity against human breast cancer. Int J Pharm Tech Res. 2016;9:333–365

. Togola I, Konaré MA, Diakité M, Diarra N, Tounkara F, Sanogo R, Dembélé D.

. Vermillion K, Holguin FO, Berhow MA, Richins RD, Redhouse T, O’Connell MA, Posakony J, Mahajan SS, Kelly SM, Simon JA. Dinoxin B. A withanolide from Datura inoxia leaves with specific cytotoxic activities. J Nat. Prod. 2011; 74:267–271. DOI: 10.1021/np1004714

. Gaire BP, Subedi L. A review on the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Datura stramonium L. J. Integr. Med. 2013;11:73–79. DOI: 10.3736/jintegrmed2013016

. Neeraj MO, Khan A, Chopade BA. Rediscovering the medicinal properties of Datura sp.: A review. J. Med. Plants Res. 2013;7(39):2885-2897. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.1657

. Arulvasu C, Shiva Shakthi SK, Babu G, Radhakrishnan N. Purifcation and identifcation of bioactive protein from leaves of Datura inoxia P. mil. Biomed. Prev. Nutr. 2014;4:143–149. DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2013.12.002

. Tandon C, Mathur P, Sen M, Kanojiya S. Identifcation of an antibacterial withanolide (dinoxin b) from leaf of Datura inoxia Mill. Int. J. Phytomed. 2016;8:1–12.

. Tahrani L, Harzallah-Skhiri F, Aouni M, Salah KBH. In vitro antioxidant potentials and total phenolic content of Tunisian Datura Metel extracts from leaves and seeds. International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science. 2019; 6(1): 24-28.

. Evenamede KS, Simalou O, Boyode P, Agbonon A, Gbeassor M. Etude comparative des activités antioxydantes d’extraits éthanoliques de feuilles, d’écorces et de racines de Cassia sieberiana. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2017;11 (6):2924-2935. DOI: 10.4314/ijbcs.v11i6.29

. Agban A, Gbogbo K.A, Hoekou YP, Atchou K, Tchacondo T, Batawila K, Souza C, Gbeassor M. Evaluation de l’activité antifongique des extraits de Cassia alata L. et de Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach) Milne Redh. (Fabaceae) sur Candida albicans. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2013; 7(3): 1041-104. DOI: 10.4314/ijbcs.v7i3.12

. Sanogo R. Pteolopsis suberosa Engl. Et Diels (Combretaceae): Une plante à activité antiulcère et anti Helicobacter pylori. Hegel. 2014;4(2):148-153. DOI: 10.4267/2042/53781

. Keita S, Wélé M, Cissé C, Diarra N, Kirkman L, Baba-Moussa L. Antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities of Tannins extracted from Zizyphus mauritianan. Int. J. Biochem. Res. Rev. 2018;24(2):1-8. DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2018/45335.

. Traoré K, Haidara M, Dénou A, Kanadjigui F, Sogoba MN, Diarra B, Maïga S, Sanogo R. Criblage phytochimique et activite biologiques de quatre plantes utilisees dans la prise en charge du paludisme chez les enfants. Eur. Sci J. 2019; 15(6): 212-226. DOI: 10.19044/esj.2019.v15n6p210

. Benabderrahim MA, Sarikurkcu C, Elfalleh W, Ozer MS. Datura innoxia and Dipsacus laciniatus: Biological activity and phenolic composition. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. 2019; 19:101163. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101163

. Srivastava N, Chauhan A, Sharma B. Isolation and characterization of some phytochemicals from Indian traditional plants. Biotechnology Research International. 2012; 8. [Article ID: 549850]

. Srivastava N, Sharma RK, Singh N, Sharma B. Acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes membrane: A screen for evaluating the activity of some traditional plant extracts. Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-le-grand). 2012; 58:160-169.

. Singh RK, Sharma B. Certain traditional Indian plants and their therapeutic applications: A review. Vri Phytomedicine. 2013;1(1):1-11.

. Pascale R, Bianco G, Cataldi TRI, Kopplin PS, Bosco F, Vignola L, Uhl J, Lucio M, Milell L. Mass spectrometry-based phytochemical screening for hypoglycemic activity of Fagioli di Sarconi beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Food Chem. 2018; 242:497–504. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.091

. Diarra N, Denou A, Togola I, Daou C, Doumbia N, Konaré MA. Composition physico-chimique et biochimique destubercules de Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) Spreng, (Lamiaceae) utilisés en alimentation au Mali. Am. J. Innov. Res. Appl. Sci. 2019;8(6):226–230.

. Konaré MA, Tounkara F, Diarra N, Togola I, Keita S, Maïga SZ, Ouattara AS, Togola et al.; ARRB, 33(2): 1-8, 2019; Article no.ARRB.515738 Sanogo R. Étude de l’effet combiné de l’acide indole 3-acetique (AIA) et de la 6-benzyl amino-purine (BAP) sur la production de protéines et de métabolites secondaires chez Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. dans les conditions de culture in vitro. Am. J. Innov. Res. Appl. Sci. 2019;9(2):210-215.

. Balkan IA, Doğan HT, Zengin G, Colak N,Ayaz FA, Kırmızıbekmez GACH, Yeşilada E. Enzyme inhibitory and antioxidantactivities of Nerium oleander L. fowerextracts and activity guided isolation of the active components. Ind. Crops Prod. 2018; 112:24–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.10.053

. Fofié NBY, Kouakou LPMS, Coulibaly K, Sanogo R., Bamba DK. Composition en sels minéraux et en metabolites secondaires de Zizyphus mauritiania Lam., une plante antihyperglycémiante. J. Soc Ouest-Afr Chim. 2017; 044: 30-35.

. Phytochemical and proximate composition of Datura innoxia leaf, seed, stem, pod and root. J. Med. Plants Res. 2011; 5(14): 2952-2955.

. Fatima H, Khan K, Zia M, Ur-Rehman T, Mirza B, Haq I. Extraction optimization of medicinally important metabolites from Datura innoxia Mill. : an in biological and phytochemical investigation, BMC complem. Altern. Med. 2015; 15:376. DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015- 0891-1

. Bhardwaj K, Kumar S, Ojha S. Antioxidant activity and FT-IR analysis of Datura innoxia and Datura metel leaf and seed methanolic extracts. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2016;3(5):7-16. DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i5.2

. Bajalan I, Mohammadi M, Alaei M, Pirbalouti AG. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of extracts from different populations of lavandin. Ind. Crops Prod. 2016; 87:255–260. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.059

. Badiaga M. Etude ethnobotanique, phytochimique et activités biologiques de Nauclea latifolia Smith, une plante médicinale africaine récoltée au Mali. Thèse de doctorat. Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, France- 2011; 137.

. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) (1995). Official methods of Analysis of the AOAC. W. Hortwitz (ed.), 15 edn. Washington: D.C., AOAC, 858 p.

. Cook NS, Samman S (1996). Flavonoid – Chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effect and dietry sources. J. Nutr. Biochem., 7:66-76.

. Dingman SL (2002). Water in soils: infiltration and redistribution. Physical hydrology, second edition, upper saddle river, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, Inc., p. 646.

. Duncan DB (1955). Multiple range and multiple F-Tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.

. Elegbede JA (1998). Legumes In: Nutritional Quality of Plant foods.

. Osagie AU, Eka OU (Eds). Post Harvest Research Unit, University of Benin, pp. 53-83.

. Ezeagu IE, Metges CC, Proll J, Petzke K J, Akinsoyinu AO (1996).

. Chemical composition and nutritive value of some wild-gathered tropical plants seeds. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 45: 127-134. Ayuba et al. 2955

. Hoffman PC, Combs DK, Casler MD (1998). Performance of lactating dairy cows fed alfalfa silage and perennial ryegrass silage. J. Dairy Sci.. 81: 162-168.

. Jimoh FO, Oladiji (2005). A.T. Preliminary Studies on Piliostigma thonningii seeds: Proximate analysis, mineral composition and phytochemical Screening Afr. J. Biotechnol., 4(12): 1439-1442,

. Latif A, Ahmad H, Begum S, Adnan M, Hassian S, Waseem M (2003).

. Medicinal and other economic plants as substitute to forest logging in Miandam and Sulatanr valleys, Swat. Proceedings of international workshop on conservation and sustainable use of medicinal and aromatic plants in Pakistan. WWF Pak., pp. 101-105

Downloads

Published

2021-12-24

How to Cite

Kpaka , A. ., Albert Keifala, Franklyn B. Kanneh, & Francis Amadu. (2021). Phytochemical Screening and Nutritional Composition of Datura Innoxia Mill Extract as Traditional Medicine for Certain Illnesses in Eastern Part of Sierra Leone. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 84(1), 162–174. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/7196

Issue

Section

Articles