Late Eocene to Early Miocene Biostragraphy and Palaeoenvironments in the Beta Field of the Northern-Central Niger Delta, Nigeria
Keywords:
Biostratigraphy, Paleoenvironment, Paleoecology, Paleoclimate, On-shore Niger DeltaAbstract
Lithological, palynomorphs and foramininifera studies have been carried on samples from one (1) oil well in the Northern-Central depobelts of the Niger Delta. Fifty six (56) ditch cutting well samples composited at 30ft interval between 3960ft and 9060ft in MT-well Northern Niger Delta. Twenty-two 22 genera of foraminifera comprising mainly benthonic species were identified. Foraminifera and associated palynomorphs recovered from these sandy and shaly sediments permitted the dating, paleoenvironmental and paleoecological interpretation of the analyzed section. The well penetrated the shale and sandstone formations of the Agbada Formation. The studied section was assigned a Late Eocene to Early Miocene age with boundary between Oligocene and Early Miocene marked at 4470ft based on the occurrence of Cicatricosisporites drogensis while boundary between Late Eocene and Oligocene is marked at 7500ft based on the top occurrence Doualaidites laevigatus observed at that depth. Extremely poor recovery of planktonic foraminifera is evident while benthonic foraminifera, shell fragments and ostracods are well represented from 6090-8100ft with increasing faunal abundance and diversity with depth. The Late Eocene corresponds to the F5700 and P400 zones, characterized by the occurrence of Nonionella magnalingua and Cinctipoperioporites mulleri respectively while the Oligocene and early Miocene corresponds to the P500 and P600 zones of the Niger Delta Cenozoic chronostratigraphic chart [29]. The shell fragments indicate a shelf environment and palaeobathymetry is delineated within 0-30m water depth within the inner neritic delta front environment. The depositional settings were found to be similar to the present day Niger Delta, although palaeocology and paleoclimatic conditions were somewhat differ in Eocene to Miocene times of the Cenozoic Niger Delta.
References
Adedukun, O.A (1981). Petrology, provenance and depositional environments of reservoir sandstones of Ossu-Izombe oilfield, Imo State, Nigeria. Journal of Petrol. Geology 4, 35-56.
Adeigbe O.C, Ola-Buarimo A.O, Moronhunkola A.O (2013). Palynological characterization of the tertiary offshore Emi- 1 well, Dahomey Basin, Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research; 2:58-70.
Allen, J.R.L., (1965). Late Quaternary Niger Delta, and adjacent areas-sedimentary environments and lithofacies. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Vol.49, p. 547-600.
Allen, J.R.L. (1970). Sediments of the modern Niger Delta: A summary and review. In J.P Morgan (ed) Deltaic sedimentation, Modern and Ancient SEPM Spec. Publ. 15, 138-151.
Allen, P. & Allen, J.R., (1990). Basin analysis principles and applications, Blackwell science 451pp.
Amajor, L.C and Agbaire, D.W (1989). Depositional history of the reservoir sandstones Akpor and Apara oilfields, eastern Nigeria Delta. Journal Petrol. Geology. 12,453-464.
Avbovbo, A.A., (1978). Tertiary lithostratigraphy of Niger Delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, vol. 62, p. 295-300.
Burke, K., (1972) Longshore drift, submarine canyons and submarine fans in development of Niger Delta: AAPG Bulletin, v. 56:1975-1983.
Davies, J.R. Mc Nestry, A. & Waters, R.A. (1991). Palaeoenvironments and Palynofacies of a pulsed transgression: the late Devonian and early Dinantian (Lower Carboniferous) rocks of southeast Wales – Geol. Magazine, 28, 4, 355-380.
Doust, H. & Omatsola, E. (1990). Niger Delta: In: Divergent/Passive Margin Basins, Edwards, J.D. and Santogrossi, P. (eds). American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Memoir 48, Tulsa Oklahoma: 201-238.
Evamy, B.P., J. Haremboure, P. Kamerling, W.A. Knaap, F.A. Molly and P.H. Rowlands, (1978). Hydrocarbon habitat of tertiary Niger Delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Bulletin., 62:1-39.
Gereraad, J.H., C.A. Hopping and J. Muller, (1968) Palynology of tertiary sediments from tropical areas. Revised. Paleobotany Palynology., 6: 189-348.
Kaplan, A. Lasser C.U. & Norton, I.O. (1994). Tectonic map of the world. Panel 10: Tulsa, American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Bulletin vol 51, pp 761-779.
Kulke, H., (1995). Nigeria, In: H. Kulke (ed), Regional Petroleum Geology of the World. Part II: Africa, America, Australia and Antarctica pp 143-172, Berlin, gerbruder Borntraeger.
Lehner, P., and de Ruiter, P.A.C., (1977). Structural history of Atlantic Margin of Africa. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, vol. 61, p. 961-981.
Michele, L.W.T., Ronald, R.C., and Michael, E.B., (1999). The Niger Delta Petroleum System. Niger Delta Province, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea, Africa. Open-file report 99-50-H.
Morley, R.J., (1995). Tertiary stratigraphic palynology in south East Asia: Current statue and new directions. Geol.Soc Malaysia, Bulletin. 1-36.
Muller. J., (1995). Palynology of Recent Orinoco delta and shelf sediments: Report of Orinoco shelf expedition. Micropaleontology 51 1-32.
Nwachukwu, J.I. and Chukwurah, P.I. (1986). Organic matter of Agbada Formation, Niger Delta, Nigeria: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Volume 70, pp 48-55.
Odigi, M., and Ofoegbu, C (1989). Distribution and Geology of non-metallic minerals in Nigeria. In: Groundwater and mineral Resources of Nigeria (Ed, C.O. Ofoegbu) Friedr View & Sohn. Earth Sci. vol.7 p 141-159.
Oloto, I.N., (2014). Biostratigraphy of the Upper Tertiary Western offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research. Volume 3, Issue 2.
Oomkens, E.(1974) Lithofacies relations in the Quaternary Niger Delta complex. Sedim. 21, 195-222.
Onwusi, C.N; Jasper, N and Beka, F.T (2015). Biostragraphic studies of X-Wellcin the Alpha Field of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Inter Journal of Sci. Inventions Today. Vol.4 (2), 129-139.
Ozumba, M.B and Amajor, L.C.( 1999a). Evolutionary relationships in some benthonic forminifera of the Middle to Late Miocene, Niger Delta. Nigerian Association of Petroleum Explorationist Bull. 14 (2), 157-167
Reijers, T.J.A (2011). Stratigraphy and Sedimentogy of the Niger Delta. Geologos, The Netherlands, 17(3), 133-162.
Reyment R. A., (1955). The Cretaceous Ammonoidea of Southern Nigeria and the Southern Cameroons. Geol. Sun. Niger. Bull . 25 ,112 p
Reyment R. A., Tait E. A., (1972). Biostratigraphical dating of the early history of the South Atlantic. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London. Ser. B. 264, 55-95.
Riding J.B. and Kyffin-Hughes J.E. (2004). A review of the laboratory preparation of palynomorphs with a description of an effective non-acid technique. Revista Brasileira Paleontologia. 7 (1): 13-44.
Shell Petroleum Development Company SPDC (1980) Monograph of Nigerian pollen and spores. Nigeria. 80-148.
Shell Petroleum Development Company SPDC (2010) Chronostratigraphy Chart of the Niger Delta.
Short, K.C. and Stauble, J. (1967). Outline Geology of the Niger Delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin vol. 51, pp 761-779.
Stacher, P., (1995) Present understanding of the Niger Delta hydrocarbon habitat, In: Oti, M.N and G. Postman, (eds.). Geology of Deltas, p. 257-267.
Steffen, D and Gorin, G.E( 1993). Palynofacies of the Upper Tithonian- Berriansian deep-sea Carbonate in the Vocontian Trough ( SE France). Bull. Des Centres de Recherches Expl and Production. 17(1) 235-248.
Ukpabi, N; Osterloff, P.L and Oloto, I.N ( 2014). Biostragraphy studies of Miocene sediments in the onshore/ offshore area, Niger Delta basin, Nigeria. International Journal of Sci. Inventions Today. 3(4), 330-345.
Weber, K.J. (1971). Sedimentological aspects of oilfields in the Niger Delta. Geol.en Mijn, 50, 559-576.
Weber, K.J and Daukoru, E (1975). Petroleum geology of the Niger Delta. Proc. 9th World Petroluem Congr. Tokyo 2. 209-221.
Whitaker, M.F. (1984). The usage of palynostratigraphy and palynofacies in definition of Troll Field Geology in Offshore Northern Seas – reduction of uncertainities by innovative reservoir geomodelling. Norskpetr. foren., art. G6.
Whiteman, A. J., (1982). Nigeria, its petroleum, geology, resources and potential. v. I and II, Edinburgh, Graham and Trotman.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.
