A Mobile BS and Multi-Hop LEACH-C Extension for WSNs
Keywords:
Wireless sensor networks, Network lifetime, LEACH-C, K-means, Clustering, Mobility.Abstract
It is critical for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to have an uninterrupted power source. Increasing the lifetime of WSNs will require employing an energy preservation mechanism. In many WSN applications, sensors are used to detect events and collect environmental data, which are then delivered to a sink node or a base station node (BS) through a communication link. Sensors consume energy during wireless data communication, which is higher than the computational energy. This paper proposes an enhanced LEACH-C protocol that manages the network energy consumption and prolongs sensors lifetime. The proposed protocol is named Leach-C Multihop and Mobile (LEACH-CM). The proposed LEACH-CM protocol distributes the energy consumption between the network nodes and enables more data to be transmitted over a WSN. The proposed LEACH-CM protocol is simulated in the NS2 simulation, which is supported by the ?-AMPS project and is developed by MIT researchers. The simulation result shows that the proposed LEACH-CM protocol can decrease the energy consumption, and increase the amount of transmitted data compared to the LEACH-C protocol. Furthermore, the LEACH-CM protocol outperforms the LEACH-C protocol when comparing the dead time of the first node, which is a good indication of network stability.
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[28] The Vint Project. The Vint Project. World Wide Web, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/vint/.
[2] Ismail Ahmedy, Md. Asri Ngadi, Syaril Nizam Omar and Junaid Chaudhry. (2011). "A review on wireless sensor networks routing protocol: Challenge in energy perspective." Scientific Research and Essays ,6 (26) ,pp.5628-5649, doi: 10.5897/SRE11.640.
[3] Jia Xu,Ning Jin, Xizhong Lou,Ting Peng,Qian Zhou and Yanmin Chen. (2012). "Improvement of LEACH protocol for WSN." in International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), Sichuan, China, doi:10.1109/FSKD.2012.6233907.
[4] P.T.V.Bhuvaneswari and V.Vaidehi. (2009). "Enhancement techniques incorporated in LEACH- a survey." Indian Journal of Science and Technology , 2 ,5, ISSN: 0974- 6846.
[5] Ali Amiri. (2015), "EXTENDING NETWORK LIFETIME OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS." International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) 7, 2, doi : 10.5121/ijcnc.2015.7201.
[6] T. V. PADMAVATHY, M. CHITRA. (2010), "Extending the Network Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Residual Energy Extraction—Hybrid Scheduling Algorithm." International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences ,3(98-106). doi:10.4236/ijcns.2010.310015.
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[8] Rajesh Patel, Sunil Pariyani and Vijay Ukani. (2011). "Energy and Throughput Analysis of Hierarchical Routing Protocol (LEACH) for Wireless Sensor Network." International Journal of Computer Applications. 20 (0975 – 8887).
[9] Luis Javier García Villalba, Ana Lucila Sandoval Orozco, Alicia Triviño Cabrera and Cláudia Jacy Barenco Abbas. (2009). "Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors journal. ( ISSN 1424-8220) , 9(18399-8421),doi:10.3390/s91108399.
[10] Nikolaos A. Pantazis, Stefanos A. Nikolidakis and Dimitrios D. Vergados. (2013). "Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey." IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS. 15 (0 551-591).
[11] Priyanka Sharma , Inderjeet Kaur. (2015). "A Comparative Study on Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Computer Science Issues. (Volume 12, Issue 4, July 2015 ISSN (Print): 1694-0814 | ISSN (Online): 1694-0784).
[12] Monica R Mundada , Savan Kiran , Shivanand Khobanna , Raja Nahusha Varsha and Seira Ann George. (2012). "A STUDY ON ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS." International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) , 3(311-330) , doi : 10.5121/ijdps.2012.3326.
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[14] A. Manjeshwar and D. P. Agrawal. (2000). "TEEN: a routing Protocol for Enhanced Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks." in the Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Conference IEEE, San Francisco, CA, USA, USA Print ISSN: 1530-2075, doi: 10.1109/IPDPS.2001.925197.
[15] Rajashree.V.Biradar, V.C .Patil, Dr. S. R. Sawant and Dr. R. R. Mudholkar. (2009). "CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARISON OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS". Special Issue on Ubiquitous Computing Security Systems, UbiCC Journal , 4(704-711) .
[16] Dinesh Randhawa, Kuldeep Sharma. (2014). "Stable Period Enhancement of WSN." International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering, 3 (359-365).
[17] Young-Bare Ko1 , Jong-Mu Choi2 , and Jai-Hoon Kim2. (2004). "A new Directional Flooding Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network". In: Kahng HK., Goto S. (eds) Information Networking. Networking Technologies for Broadband and Mobile Networks.Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3090. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-25978-7_10.
[18] K Sohraby, D Minoli, T Znati. (2007). "Wireless sensor networks: Technology, protocols, and applications." Wiley-Interscience, 1 edition (April 6, 2007).
[19] I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci. (2002). "Wireless sensor networks: a survey." ElSEVIER, Computer Networks 38 (2002) 393–422.
[20] Sandra M. Hedetniemi, Stephen T Hedetniemi and arthur L. Liestman . (1988). "A survey of gossiping and broadcasting in communication networks. Networks.", 18: 319–349. doi:10.1002/net.3230180406.
[21] Zanaj, E., Baldi, M. and Chiaraluce, F. (2007). "Efficiency of the Gossip Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks." In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split–Dubrovnik, Croatia.
[22] Wendi Beth Heinzelman. (2000). "Application-Specific Protocol Architectures for Wireless Networks." PhDthesis,Massachusetts Inst of Technology.
[23] Wendi B. Heinzelman, Anantha P. Chandrakasan, ,and Hari Balakrishnan. (2002). "An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks." IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, 1 (660-670), doi: 10.1109/TWC.2002.804190.
[24] T. Murata and H. Ishibuchi. (1994). "Performance evaluation of genetic algorithms for flowshop scheduling problems." In Proc. 1st IEEE Conf. Evolutionary Computation, 67 (81–100).
[25] Meena Malik,Yudhvir Singh. (2013). "Analysis of LEACH Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering. Volume 3, Issue 2.
[26] S. Dehghani, M. Pourzaferani and B. Barekatain. (2015). "Comparison on energy-efficient cluster based routing algorithms in wireless sensor network." ELSEVER The Third Information Systems International Conference , Procedia Computer Science 72 ( 2015 ) 535 – 542.
[27] Abha Kaushik1, Subhajit Ghosh2 & Sunita kumara. (2014). "A Survey on Optimization Approaches to K-Means Clustering using Simulated Annealing." International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology 3 (845-847).
[28] The Vint Project. The Vint Project. World Wide Web, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/vint/.
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Published
2017-10-03
How to Cite
M. Hassan, M. E., & I. Ziedan, N. (2017). A Mobile BS and Multi-Hop LEACH-C Extension for WSNs. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 36(1), 198–210. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/3418
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