Water Resources Monitoring for the Implementation of Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) in Turkey

Authors

  • Andreas Panagopoulos Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter" - Soil and Water Resources Institute, Sindos GREECE.
  • Aikaterini Κaryoti Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter" - Soil and Water Resources Institute, Sindos GREECE.
  • Th. Karyotis Vakakis International S.A.
  • Ali Kasaci Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, General Directorate of Agricultural Reform, Directorate of Land Reclamation and Irrigation Systems, ANKARA, Turkey.

Keywords:

monitoring, nitrates, pollution, water, vulnerable zone.

Abstract

Statistical analysis was performed on 7,167 groundwater samples and 11,229 surface water samples originating from Turkey's nitrate monitoring network.Results showed significant spatial and temporal variation of nitrates among 81 provinces of the country.In general, surface and groundwater monitoring data have shown that nitrates concentration is relatively low compared to the corresponding values inseveral EU Member States. For the implementation of the Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC), Nitrates Vulnerable Zones (NVZs) and Potential NVZs have been designated, the latter indicating an increased risk of nitrate pollution. Digital thematic maps were compiled and made available through a dedicated web platform, illustrating the spatial distribution of nitrates concentrations at the 25 river basins of Turkey. Statistical analysisof hydrochemical data from the groundwater monitoring stations showed strong increasing trends of nitrates in ten river basins. Results from the analysis of the respective surface water data have shown a stable situation in thirteen river basins of Turkey.

References

[1]. Official Journal of the European Communities. 1991. Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources. L 375, 31/12/1991,pages 1 – 8
[2]. Bhumbla D.K.2001. Agriculture practices and nitrate pollution of water. West Virginia University Extension Service.
[3]. FAO.2010. Resource STAT, Fertilizers, trade values.
[4]. KaryotisTh. 2012. Fertilization plans for each NVZ. Report 4.4. for the Implementation of Nitrates Directive in Turkey. Implemented by Vakakis International S.A. (Greece), led consortium.
[5]. DÜZGÜN M., S. KAPUR, C. CANGIR, E. AKÇA, D. BOYRAZ, E. OZEVREN, N. GÜLBEN.2006. Turkey’s National Action Program on Combating Desertification. Ministry of Environment and Forestry Publication No: 250,ISBN 975-7347-51-5 2006, pp. 89.
[6]. Kapur S., E. Akça, D.M. Özden, N. Sakarya, K.M. Çimrin, U. Alagöz, R. Ulusoy, C. Dar?c?, Z. Kaya, S. Düzenli, H. Gülcan.2003. Land Degradation in Turkey. In: Land Degradation in Central and Eastern Europe R.J.A. Jones and L. Montanarella (eds.). European Soil Bureau Research Report No.10, EUR 20688 EN, (2003), 324 pp. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
[7]. OzdenD.M. 2003. Desertification in Turkey. National Focal Point for UNCCD
General Directorate of Rural Services, Ankara, Turkey
[8]. UNEP. 2007. Approaches to the assessment of Eutrophication in Mediterranean coastal waters (first draft). UNEP(DEPI)/MED WG.321/Inf.6. Review Meeting of MED POL Monitoring Activities and the use of indicators.
[9]. FAO/ECE. 1991. Legislation and Measures for the Solving of Environmental Problems Resulting from Agricultural Practices (With Particular Reference to Soil, Air and Water), Their Economic Consequences and Impact on Agrarian Structures and Farm Rationalization. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and FAO, Agri/Agrarian Structures and Farm Rationalization Report No. 7. United Nations, Geneva.
[10]. Baltace F., A.K. Onur and S. Tahmisciogalu.2008. Water quality monitoring studies of Turkey with present and probable future constraints and opportunities. Desalination 226, 321–327
[11]. European Commission. 2011. Nitrates’ Directive (91/676/EEC) “Status and trends of aquatic environment and agricultural practice - Development guide for Member States’ reports, Directorate-General for Environment
[12]. Geological map of Turkey 1:500.000. 1989. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, EskisehirYolu 06520, Ankara, Turkey
[13]. Torenbeek, R. 2012. A methodology for the identification of eutrophication. In: Technical assistance Project for the Implementation of the Nitrates Directive, EuropAid/126902/D/SER/TR. Implemented by Vakakis International S.A. (Greece), led consortium
[14]. Panagopoulos, A., Karyotis, Th., 2011. Designation of Nitrates Vulnerable Zones in Turkey. Report 3.4. for the Implementation of Nitrates Directive in Turkey. Vakakis Internat.S.A. (Greece), consortium.
[15]. Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption. 1998.
Official Journal L 330 , 05/12/1998 P. 0032 – 0054
[16]. Karyotis, Th., A. Panagopoulos, J. Alexiou, D. Kalfountzos, D. Pateras, G. Argyropoulos, A. Panoras. 2006. Nitrates pollution in a vulnerable zone of Greece. International Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Communications in Biometry and Crop Science Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 72–78

Downloads

Published

2017-09-21

How to Cite

Panagopoulos, A., Κaryoti A., Karyotis, T., & Kasaci, A. (2017). Water Resources Monitoring for the Implementation of Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) in Turkey. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 35(1), 332–341. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/3279

Issue

Section

Articles