Decreased of Levels of Triglyceride in Subjects Drinking Garcinia atroviridis Leaf Tea from Sijunjung - West Sumatra, Indonesia
Keywords:
Hydroxycitric acid, triglyceride, obesity, Garcinia atroviridis.Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Garcinia atroviridis on triglyceride levels in obese subjects. Obesity and related non-communicable diseases are largely preventable. The household industry in Lubuk Tarok District of Sijunjung West Sumatra produces tea of G.atroviridis leaves packed in tea bags and people drink GA-tea to reduce triglyceride levels and waist circumference. Fruit rind of GA or asam glugur contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA, or (-)-HCA) as principal acid. HAC is a potent inhibitor of ATP-citrate lyase. The inhibition of this enzyme limits the availability of acetyl-CoA units required for fatty acid synthesis and lipogenesis. Participants in this study were obese male and female adults, who were divided into G.atroviridis tea group and control group. Anthropometric measurement and laboratory test were performed in pre- and post-treatment. The result showed that the reduction of triglyceride levels was found to be higher in tea group than control groups.
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[2] A. Dweck. "A review of Asam Gelugor (Garcinia atroviridis) Griff.ex T.aders. Dweck Data". Available at: http://www.dweckdata.com/research_files/garcinia_atroviridis.pdf. [Jun.24, 2017].
[3] B. S. Jena, G. K. Jayaprakasha, R. P. Singh, K. K. Sakariah. "Chemistry and biochemistry of (-)-hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,vol. 50, pp. 10–22, Jan. 2002.
[4] A. C. Sullivan, M. Singh, P. A. Srere, J. P. Glusker. Reactivity and inhibitor potential of hydroxycitrate isomers with citrate synthase, citerate lyase, and ATP citrate lyase. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 252, pp. 7583–7590, 1977.
[5] World Health Organization West Region, International Association For The Study of Obesity, International Obesity Task Force. "The Asia Pacific Perspective: Redefing obesity and its treatment". 2000. p.1-56. Available at: www.wpro.who.int/nutrition/documents/docs/Redefiningobesity.pdf. [Nov. 23,2015]
[6] R. C. Weisell. "Body mass index as an indicator of obesity." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. vol. 11, pp. S681-S684, 2002.
[7] M. E. Lean, T. S. Han, C. E. Morrison. "Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management." British Medical Journal, vol. 311, pp.158–161, 1995.
[8] S. M. Grundy, I. J. Neeland, A. T. Turer, G. L. Vega. "Waist circumference as a measure of abdominal fat compartments." Journal of Obesity, vol. 2013, pp. 1-9, 2013.
[9] H. Campos, C. Khoo, F. M. Sacks. "Diurnal and acute patterns of postprandial apolipoprotein B-48 in VLDL, IDL, and LDL from normolipidemic humans." Atherosclerosis, vol.181, pp. 345–351, 2005.
[10] American Diabetes Association. "Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes." Diabetes Care, vol. 38, pp. S8–S16, 2015.
[11] C. L. Rohlfing, H. M. Wiedmeyer, R. R. Little, J. D. England, A. Tennill, D. E. Goldstein. "Defining the relationship between plasma glucose and HbA1C." Diabetes Care, vol.25, pp. 275–278, 2002.
[12] S. Syukur, Syafrizayanti, S. Zulaiha, M. Ismet, E. Fachrial. "Virgin coconut oil increase high density lipoprotein (LDL), lower triglyceride and fatty acids profile (C6-C18) in blood serum of Mus musculus." Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Science, vol.8, pp. 1077–81, 2017.
[13] A. C. S. Lopes, L. C. Santos, M. F. Lima-Costa, and W. T. Caiaffa. "Nutritional factors associated with chronic non-communicable diseases. The Bambui Project: a population based study." Cad Saúde Pública, vol. 27, pp. 1185–91, 2011.
[14] The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health. "Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults(Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report." Circulation., vol. 106, pp. 3143–3421, 2002.
[15] S. M. Grundy, H. B. Brewer, J. I. Cleeman, S. C. Smith, C. Lenfant. "Definition of Metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, American Heart Association Conference on Scientific Issues Related to Definition." Circulation. vol 109, pp. 433–8, 2004.
[16] D. B. Carr, K. M. Utzschneider, R. L. Hull, K. Kodama, B. M. Retzlaff, J. D. Brunzell, et al. "Intra abdominal fat is a major determinant of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for the metabolic syndrome." Diabetes, vol.53, pp. 2087–94, 2004.
[17] W. H. Martin, G. P. Dalsky, B. P. Hurley, D. E. Matthews, D. M. Bier, J. M. Hagberg,et al. "Effect of endurance training on plasma free fatty acid turnover and oxidation during exercise." American Journal of Physiology, vol. 28, pp. E708-714, 1993.
[18] C. Roongpisuthipong, R. Kantawan, W. Roongpisuthipong. "Reduction of adipose tissue and body weight: effect of water soluble calcium hydroxycitrate in Garcinia atroviridis on the short term treatment of obese women in Thailand." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.16, pp. 25–9, 2007.
[19] I. Nursakinah, H. A. Zulkhairi, M. Norhafizah, B. Hasnah, M. S. Zamree, S. I., Farrah, D. Razif. Hamzah, F.H. "Nutritional content and in vitro antioxidant potential of Garcinia atroviridis (Asam gelugor) leaves and fruits." Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, vol.18, pp. 363–371, 2012.
[20] Q. Wang, L. Jiang, S. Li, Y. Yu, J. You, R. Zaeng. "Abrogation of heaptic ATP citrate lyase protects against fatty liver and ameliorates hyperglycemia in leptin receptor deficient mice." Hepatology, vol.49, pp. 1066–1175, 2009
[21] A. Szutowicz, M. Stepien, W. Lysiak, and S. Angielski. "Effect of (-)hydroxycitrate on the activities of ATP citrate lyae and the enzymens of acetyl CoA metabolism in rat brain." Acta Biochimica Polonica, vol. 23, pp. 227-34, 1976.
[22] K. Hayamizu, Y. Ishii, I. Kaneko, M. Shen, Y. Okuhara, and N. Shigematsu. "Effects of Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) on visceral fat acccumulation: A double blind, randomized placebo controlled trial." Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental, vol.8, pp. 551-567. 2003.
[23] L. J. C. Loon, J. J. M. Rooijen, B. Niese, H. Verhagen, W. H. M. Saris, A. J. M. Wagenmakes. " Effects of acute (-)hydroxycitrate on substrate metabolism at rest ad during exercise in humans." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.72, pp. 1445 -1450, 2000.
[24] K. Lim, S. Ryu, H. S. Nho, S. K. Choi, T. Kwon, H. Suh. " (-) Hydroxycitric acid ingestion increases fat utilization during exercise in untrained women." Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, vol. 49, pp.163-7, 2003.
[25] K. Tomita, Y. Okuhara, N. Shigematsu, H. Suh, K. Lim. "(-) Hydroxycitrate ingestion increases fat oxidation during moderate intensity exercise in untrained men." Bioscience, Biotechnolgy, and Biochemistry, vol. 67, pp. 1999 -2001, 2003.
[26] A. D Kriketos., H. R. Thompson, H. Greene, J. O. Hill. "(-)Hydroxycitric acid does not affect energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in adult males in a post absorptive state." Internation Journal of Obesity and Realted Metabolic Disorders, vol. 23, pp. 867–873, 1999.
[27] S. B. Heymsfield, D. B. Allison, J. R. Vasselli, A. Pietrobelli, D. Greenfield, C. Nunez. "Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent." Journal of American Medical Association, vol.280, pp. 1596–1600, 1998.
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2017-07-16
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Lumbantobing, C., Yerizel, E., Syukur, S., & Purwati, E. (2017). Decreased of Levels of Triglyceride in Subjects Drinking Garcinia atroviridis Leaf Tea from Sijunjung - West Sumatra, Indonesia. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 33(1), 296–304. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/3156
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