Bovine Theileriosis: Prevalence, Estimation of Hematological Profile and Chemotherapy in Cattle in Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan
Keywords:
Prevalence, Theileriosis, Hematology, Complete blood count.Abstract
Theileriosis in cattle is one of the major constraints to the development of livestock enterprise in Pakistan and in most parts of the world. The disease causing agent is transmitted by Ixodid ticks having complicated life cycle. Prominent signs exhibited by cattle are; anorexia, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, occulonasal discharges and diarrhoea. The current study was planned to investigate the prevalence of theileriosis in cattle in and around district Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. For the determination of prevalence of theileriosis, a total of 384 animals, as calculated through statistical method, of different age and sex groups were screened. For detection of Theileria parasite, blood samples were collected from peripheral veins and microscopic examination of Giemsa stained blood smears revealed 14.32% (55/384) prevalence of Theileria parasite in cattle.
For hematological investigations, blood samples were collected from jugular veins of 55 affected animals in ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) coated vacutainers and complete blood count (CBC) was estimated through standard procedures. The hematology revealed significant (p<0.05) reduction in the RBCs count, haemoglobin level and packed cell volume i.e. 3.28x106/?L, 5.32 g/dL and 20.98%, respectively. For chemotherapy, positive animals were treated with the combination of buparvaquone @2.5mg/Kg and oxytetracycline @10mg/kg body weight. The efficacy of the treatment was estimated in terms of number of positive animals 5 days post treatment showing 92.72% (51/55) treatment efficacy.
References
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[33] S.A. Osman and Al-Gaabary. Clinical, haematological and therapeutic studies on tropical theileriosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Egypt. Vet Parasitol, 2007, 146, 337–40.
[34] N. Boulter and R. Hall. Immunity and vaccine development in the bovine theileriosis. Adv Parasitol, 2000, 44, 41-97.
[35] M.R. Abd-Ellah and A.A. AL-Hosary. Cattle theileriosis: Effect on serum constituents, erythrocytes and platelets picture, XVth International Congress on Animal Hygiene, Animal Hygiene and Sustainable Livestock Production, Vienna, Austria, 2011, 909-12.
[36] I.A. Zahid, M. Latif and K.B. Baloch. Incidence and treatment of Theileriasis and babesiasis. Pak Vet J, 2005, 25, 137-9.
[37] H.A. Mbwambo, H.B. Magwisha and J.M. Mfinanga. Evaluation of buparvaquone (Buta- keltm kela, Belgium) as a treatment of East Coast fever in cattle, in the peri-urban of Dar Es Salaam city, Tanz-ania. Vet Parasitol, 2006, 139, 67-73.
[2] H.A. Saddiqi, Z. Iqbal, M.N. Khan and G. Muhammad.2010 Comparative resistance of sheep breeds to Haemonchus contortus in natural pasture infection. Int J Agric Biol, 2010, 12, 739-43.
[3] M.S. Sajid. Epidemiology, acaricidal resistance of tick population infesting domestic ruminants, 2007 (Ph.D Thesis. University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
[4] A.Z. Durrani, N. Mehmood and A.R. Shakoori. Comparison of three diagnostic methods for Theileria annulata in Sahiwal and Friesian cattle in Pakistan. Pak J Zool, 2010, 42, 467-72.
[5] T.T. Iriminoiu. The response of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle types to inoculation of lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with Theileria parva schizonts. Tropen Med Parasitol, 2000, 33, 57-62.
[6] M.J. Gubbels, Y. Hong, M. van der Weide, B. Qi, I.J. Nijman, et al. Molecular characterization of the Theileria buffeli, Theileria orientalis group. Int J Parasitol, 2000, 30, 943-52.
[7] W. Jeong, S.H. Yoon, D.J. An, S.H. Cho, K.K. Lee, et al. A molecular phylogeny of the benign Theileria parasites based on major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene sequences. Parasitology, 2010, 137, 241-9.
[8] R. Bishop, A. Musoke, S. Morzaria, M. Gardner and V. Nene. Intracellular protozoan parasites of wild and domestic ruminants transmitted by ixodid ticks. Parasitology, 2007, 129, S271-83.
[9] M. Temiz, N. Altu? and N. Yüksek. Relationship between degree of anemia and blood gases in cattle with theileriosis. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 2014, 38, 82-7.
[10] O. Radostits, C. Gay, K. Hinchcliff and P. Constable. Veterinary Medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses (10th Ed.) WB Saunders Company, 2006, London, UK.
[11] H. Shiono, Y. Yagi, P. Thongnoon, N. Kurabayashi, Y. Chikayama, et al. Acquired methaemoglobinemia in anemic cattle infected with Theileria sergenti. Vet Parasitol, 2001, 102, 45-51.
[12] K.J. Ananda, P.E.D. Souza and G.C. Puttalakshmamma. Prevalence of haemoprotozoan diseases in crossbred cattle in Bangalore North. Vet World , 2009, 2, 15-6.
[13] O. Radostits, C. Gay and K. Hinchcliff. Veterinary Medicine (9th Ed.) Bailliere Tindall, 2000, London, UK.
[14] M Aktas, K. Altay and N. Dumanli. A molecular survey of bovine Theileria parasites among apparently healthy cattle and with a note on the distribution of ticks in Eastern Turkey. Vet Parasitol, 2006, 138, 179-85.
[15] S. Naz, A. Maqbool, S. Ahmed, K. Ashraf, N. Ahmed, et al. Prevalence of theileriosis in small ruminants in Lahore-Pakistan. J Vet Anim Sci, 2012, 2, 16-20.
[16] M. Thrusfield. Modelling. In veterinary epidemiology (3rd Ed.) Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, 2007, 340-56.
[17] S.A. Baffour, E. Quao, R. Kyeremeh, S.A. Mahmood. Prolong storage of blood in EDTA has an effect on the morphology and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. Int J Biomed Sci Engg, 2013, 1, 20-3.
[18] N.S. James. Diagnosis of diseases by standard techniques. Res Vet Sci, 1986, 47, 148.
[19] M. Nayel, K.M. Dakhly, M. Aboulaila, A. Elsify, H. Hassan, et al. The use of different diagnostic tools for Babesia and Theileria parasites in cattle in Menofia, Egypt Parasitol Res, 2012, 111, 1019-24.
[20] M.M. Benjamin. Outline of veterinary clinical pathology, 3rd Ed. 1978. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
[21] D.T. De Waal. Indirect fluorescent antibody test for Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. Standard operating procedure, laboratory test methods, 1999. Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Division of Parasitology.
[22] T.H. Roy, S. Kraclce. Preparation of stains for blood examination. Vet Rec, 1938, 123, 598.
[23] E.J.L. Soulsby. In: Helminthes, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals, 1982. Bailiere Tindall and Cassell Ltd., London, UK.
[24] J.F. William. In: Veterinary Parasitology Reference Manual. 5th (Ed.), Blackwell, New 77 York, 2001, 105-8.
[25] V. Kumar, P. Kaur, V.M. Wadhawan, H. Pal, H. Sharma, et al. Theileriosis in cattle: Prevalence and seasonal incidence in Jalandhar district of Punjab (INDIA). Int J Recent Sci Res, 2015, 6, 2998-9.
[26] A. Abdel-Rady, S. Kot, R. Mahmoud and A. Ellah. Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic studies on Theileriasis (Theileria annulata) in cattle in upper Egypt. Suez Canal Vet Med J, 2008, 13, 387-95.
[27] A. Zoli, J.P. Nguekam, S. Pouedet, L. Vondou, E. Assana, et al. Theileria parva: An under-recognized bovine health problem in Cameroon. The 10th International Conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine in Denmark. “Livestock, community and environment, 2001, 54, 22-5.
[28] A. Qayyum, U. Farooq, H.A. Samad and H.R. Chauhdry. Prevalence, clinicotherapeutic and prophylactic studies on theileriosis in district Sahiwal (Pakistan). J Anim Plant Sci, 2010, 20, 266-70.
[29] M. Madder and J. Taeymans. Merogony in vitro cultures of Theileria parva. In: The 18th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology in Italy: “Promoting advancement, preserving tradition”, 2001, 26-30.
[30] S. Geerts, P.H. Holmes, O. Diall and M.C. Eisler. African bovine Theileriosis: The problem of drug resistance. Trends in Parasitol, 2001, 17, 25-8.
[31] A. Singh, J. Singh, A.S. Grewal and R.S. Brar. Studies on some blood parameters of cross bred calves with
experimental Theileria annulata infections. Vet Res Communications, 2001, 25, 289-300.
[32] L. Ramazan and U. Uslu. Haematological and coagulation profiles during severe tropical theileriosis in cattle. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 2006, 30, 577-82.
[33] S.A. Osman and Al-Gaabary. Clinical, haematological and therapeutic studies on tropical theileriosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Egypt. Vet Parasitol, 2007, 146, 337–40.
[34] N. Boulter and R. Hall. Immunity and vaccine development in the bovine theileriosis. Adv Parasitol, 2000, 44, 41-97.
[35] M.R. Abd-Ellah and A.A. AL-Hosary. Cattle theileriosis: Effect on serum constituents, erythrocytes and platelets picture, XVth International Congress on Animal Hygiene, Animal Hygiene and Sustainable Livestock Production, Vienna, Austria, 2011, 909-12.
[36] I.A. Zahid, M. Latif and K.B. Baloch. Incidence and treatment of Theileriasis and babesiasis. Pak Vet J, 2005, 25, 137-9.
[37] H.A. Mbwambo, H.B. Magwisha and J.M. Mfinanga. Evaluation of buparvaquone (Buta- keltm kela, Belgium) as a treatment of East Coast fever in cattle, in the peri-urban of Dar Es Salaam city, Tanz-ania. Vet Parasitol, 2006, 139, 67-73.
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Published
2017-05-25
How to Cite
Khan, A., Ashfaq, K., ud Din, I., ul Haq, R., Jamil, M., Ullah, B., Ullah, S., Rehman, H. ur, & Ullah, F. (2017). Bovine Theileriosis: Prevalence, Estimation of Hematological Profile and Chemotherapy in Cattle in Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 32(1), 8–17. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/2955
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