Effect of Pyrus communis (Common Pear) Seeds on Selected Parameters of Liver Function in Rats Treated with Cadmium
Keywords:
Haptoglobin, Cadmium, Liver damage, Pyrus communis, Hepatoprotective.Abstract
The study investigated possible hepatoprotective potentials of Pyrus communis (PC) seeds in rats treated with cadmium. Twenty Wistar rats weighing 150 g - 180 g were divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) of 5 rats each. Group A received distilled water only. 5mg/kg bwt cadmium was given to group B orally while group C were pre-administered with 500mg/kg bwt PC extract orally. Group D received 500mg/kg bwt PC. After two weeks of treatment, serum and liver homogenate were evaluated for haptoglobin, (Hp) total protein (TP), albumin, alanine transaminase, (ALT) and aspartate transaminase, (AST). The results showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in liver and serum Hp concentrations in rats treated with cadmium. There was also significant (p<0.05) decrease in liver TP, ALT and AST levels and significant (p<0.05) increase in serum TP, ALT and AST levels in rats treated with cadmium. However, treatment with PC restored Hp, TP, ALT and AST levels back to near normal. We concluded that 5mg/kg bwt cadmium caused liver damage and depressed Hp synthesis, and PC protected the liver.
References
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[2]. Worsztynowicz, A. and Mill, W. Potential Ecological Risk due to Acidification of Heavy Industrialized Areas, Acid Rain Research: Do We Have Enough Answers? 1995. 353–66.
[3]. Qu, C., Ma, Z., Yang, J., Lie, Y., Bi, J. and Huang, L. Human Exposure Pathways of Heavy Metal in a Lead-Zinc Mining Area, in E. Asrari. Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Soil: Analysis, assessment, and remediation strategies. Oakville, Ontario: Apple Academic Press; 2014. 129-156.
[4]. Balasubramanian, R., He, J. and Wang, L.K. Control, Management, and Treatment of Metal Emissions from Motor Vehicles. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Pres; 2009. 475–490.
[5]. Yoshioka, M., Watanabe, A., Shimada, N., Murata, H., Yokomizo, Y. and Nakajima, Y. Regulation of haptoglobin secretion by recombinant bovine cytokines in primary cultured bovine hepatocytes. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 2002; 23:425–433.
[6]. Bowman, B.H. and Kurosky, A. Haptoglobin: the evolutionary product of duplication, unequal crossing over, and point mutation. Adv. Hum. Genetics. 1982; 12:189-261.
[7]. Langlois, M.R. and Delanghe, J.R. Biological and clinical significance of haptoglobin polymorphism in humans. Clin. Chem. 1996; 42: 1589—1600.
[8]. Sheehan, A.M. and Yee, D.L. Resources for the haematologist: interpretive comments and selected reference values for neonatal, paediatric, and adult populations, Hematology: Basic Principles and practice, 6th ed., Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. Chap. 164.
[9]. Bacq, Y. Schillio, Y., Brechot, J.F., De Muret, A., Dubois, F. And Metman, E.H. Decrease of haptoglobin serum level in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Gastroen. Clin. Biol. 1993; 17(5): 364-9.
[10]. Brian, A.F. and Cameron, A.G. (1995) Food Science, Nutrition and Health, 5th ed. London: Edward Arnold Publisher; 1995. 266-284.
[11]. Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, R. and Simons, A. Agro-Forestry Database. A tree reference and selection guide, Version 4.0. 2009. 1-5.
[12]. Mahammad, M.U., Kamba, A. S., Abubakar, L. and Bagna, E.A. Nutritional composition of pear fruits ( pyrus communis). African Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2010; 1(3): 76-81.
[13]. Trease, E. and Evans, W.C. Phenols and Phenolic glycosides, In “Textbook of Pharmacology” 15th Edition. Elsevier Science Ltd; 2002. 214-252.
[14]. Harborne, J.B. and Turner, B.L. Plant Chemosystematics. 7th ed. London: Academic Press; 1984. 45-50.
[15]. Owen, J.A., Better, F.C. and Hoban, J. A simple method for the determination of serum haptoglobins. J. clin. Path. 1960; 12: 163.
[16]. Reitman, S. and Frankel, S. A Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetate and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1957; 28: 58-63.
[17]. Gornal, A.G., Bandawil, C.J. and David, M.M. Determination of Serum Proteins by Biuret Reaction, Journal of Biology and Chemistry. 1949; 117: 751- 756.
[18]. Pinnell, A.E. and Northam, B.E. New automated dye-binding method for serum albumin determination with bromcresol purple. Clinical Chemistry. 1978; 24: 80 –86.
[19]. Middleton, E. Jr. Biological properties of plant flavonoids: An Overview. Int. J. Pharmacog. 1996; 34: 344-348.
[20]. Duguid, J.P., Marmoid, B.P. and Swain, R.H.A. Mackie and MacCartney’s Medical Microbiology, Vol.1, 13th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1989. pp 163.
[21]. Yildirim, A., Mavi, A., Oktay, M., Kara, A.A., Algur, O.F. and Bilaloglu, V. Comparison of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tilia (Tilia argentea Desf Ex DC), Sage (Savia triloba L.), and Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2000; 48(10):5030-5034.
[22]. Alexander, A. and Sharma, M.K. Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Investigations of Root of Heliotropium indicum Linn, IJPSR. 2011; 2(6): 1569-1571.
[23]. Dobryszypka W. Haptoglobin: retrospectives and perspectives. Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo: CRC Press; 1993. 185-206.
[24]. Burtis, C.A. and Ashwood, E.R. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1994. 707–8.
[25]. Ajilore, B.S. and Ayannuga, O.O. Hepatoprotective Potentials of Methanolic Extract of the Leaf of Momordica charantia Linn on Cadmium-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Journal of Natural Science Research. 2012; 2 (7): 41-47.
[26]. Dimitrova, M. and Tishinova, V. Effect of sub lethal concentration of cadmium on some biochemical process in Carp (Cyprinus carpio). 6th Intl. Trace Element Symposium; 1989. 5: 1461-1464.
[27]. Stadman, E.R. and Berlett, B.R. Free radicals mediated modification of proteins. In: Free radical toxicology, Wallace, K.B. (Eds), Tailor, Francis; 1997. 71-78.
[28]. Srivastava, T. and Chosdol, K. Clinical Biochemistry: Clinical enzymology and its applications. New Delhi: All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar; 2007. pp 17.
[29]. Kriti, S., Vani, P., Gouri, S. and Rajinder, K.G. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of raw Pyris communis, an underexpoloited fruit. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2015; 3(5): 46-50.
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2016-08-04
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Ajilore, B., Falolu, I., & Olaniyan, O. (2016). Effect of Pyrus communis (Common Pear) Seeds on Selected Parameters of Liver Function in Rats Treated with Cadmium. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 23(1), 41–53. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/1703
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