Causes and Outcome of Surgically Treated Non-Traumatic Surgical Acute Abdomen in Suhul General Hospital, Shire, Northwest Tigray, Ethiopia, a Retrospective Study
Keywords:
surgical, non traumatic, acute, abdomen, treated, surgically.Abstract
The term acute abdomen refers to signs and symptoms of abdominal pain and tenderness, a clinical presentation that often requires emergency surgical therapy. This challenging clinical scenario requires a thorough and expeditious workup to determine the need for operative intervention and to initiate appropriate therapy. Many diseases, some of which are not surgical or intra-abdominal, can produce acute abdominal pain and tenderness. An acute abdomen could be medical, surgical or gynecological. Furthermore surgical acute abdomen classified to traumatic and non-traumatic. The causes of acute abdomen are several and their relative incidence varies in different populations. Several factors are described to be responsible for these differences. Socioeconomic factors and diet have mostly been incriminated to be responsible for the observed differences. The Objective of this study is to assess the causes and outcome of surgically treated non-traumatic surgical acute abdomen patient who were managed operatively at Suhul general hospital.
This is two year hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study on 166 patients complaining of non-traumatic acute abdomen over the period of two year from March 2012 to March 2014 who managed surgically at Suhul general hospital. Data was collected by data collectors in to the appropriate data collection instrument- the questionnaire.
Daily completeness of the questionnaire was cross checked by principal investigator for data quality control. The collected data was processed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and chi-square calculation has been used to show association with P-value. The results shows that there were 166 patients who underwent emergency abdominal surgery at Suhul general hospital for non-traumatic acute surgical abdomen in the study period. Of this 166 patient 94(56.6%) were male and 72(43.4). The most common cause of acute abdomen was acute appendicitis 54.2% found followed by generalized peritonitis 27.1% and intestinal obstruction 18.7%. There were 07 deaths in the study period giving an overall case fatality rate of 4.2%. A higher morbidity and mortality was observed in patients who presented late.
As a conclusion we can say that acute appendicitis where the most common condition encountered in patients presenting with acute abdomen. Most patients having acute abdomen are relatively young in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life. A late presentation is the common factor for increased morbidity. The most common early (in hospital) post-operative complication was surgical site wound infection.
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