Some New Considerations about Evergetism in Asia Minor. The Hellenistic Period and the First Century BC
Keywords:
benefactions, benefactors, finances, honors, privileges, goodwill.Abstract
This paper identifies new perspectives on the phenomenon of evergetism in Asia Minor, during the Hellenistic period and the first century BC. I pointed out, through epigraphic research, how benefactors donated to the city, acted noble, generous and received in exchange honors and privileges, as the Council and the Assembly decided. It was not only about their personal need of recognition it was a way of living rich man with the others, citizens with foreigners, about moral civic behaviors.
References
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[2] M. Sartre, J. Leclant. Dictionnaire de l’Antiquité. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2005, pp. 866; A. Sartre-Fauriat et P. Brun, Dictionnaire du Monde grec antique, La Rousse in extenso, 2009, pp. 225.
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[4] P. Veyne. Bread and circuses. Historical sociology and political pluralism, translated by B. Pearce, with an Introduction by O. Murray. London: Penguin Books, 1990, pp. 10-11, 34-35, 42, 202-3.
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[9] D. M. Gygax. Benefaction and Rewards in the Ancient Greek City. The Origins of Euergetism. Cambridge: University Press, 2016, pp. 52-7, 258.
[10] M. Gramatopol. Civiliza?ia elenistic?, second edition. Bra?ov: Orientul Latin, Bra?ov, 2011, pp. 316-17. P. Devambez. Enciclopedia civiliza?iei grece?ti, trad. I. Stati, S. Stati. Bucure?ti: Meridiane, 1970, pp. 22-3, 179.
[11] See [8] pp. 18-9, 31-3, 36-40. D. Magie. Roman Rule in Asia Minor. To the end of the third century after Christ, vol. I. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1950, pp. 56.
[12] See [6] pp. 135-49.
[13] See [6] pp. 175-300.
[14] I. Dydima 479.
[15] C. B. Walles. Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic Period: a Study in Greek Epigraphy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1934, 5, pp. 33-7.
[16] See [15] 6, pp. 42-3.
[17] See [15] 9, pp. 55.
[18] See[15] 14, pp. 71-9.
[19] See [15] 22, pp. 107-8.
[20] Panamara 5.
[21] See [15] 22, pp. 212-14.
[22] For all the inscriptions that attest proxenies (foreigners) honored by Greek cities see Proxeny Networks of the Ancient World (a database of proxeny networks of the Greek-city-states), http://proxenies.csad.ox.ac.uk/places/home [20.06.2016].
[23]. D. Magie, Roman rule in Asia Minor: to the end of the third century after Christ, vol. I, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1950, pp. 131-32, 327-30, 473-4.
[24] A. Magnetto. „Interstate arbitration and Foreign Judges”, in The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Law, 2016, pp. 2 from 46. E. Samama. Le Médecins dans le Monde Grec. Sources Épigraphiques sur la Naissance d'un Corps Medical. Paris: Libraire Droz, 2003.
[25] I. Rutherford. „Theoria and Theater at Samothrace: The Dardanos by Dymas of Iasos”, in The Greek Theater and Festivals Documentary Studies, 2007, pp. 279-293.
[26] B. Paarmann. „L’évergetisme des étrangers à l’époque classique. Recherches sur la nature des services rendus et l’identité des bienfaiteurs”, in Citoyenneté et Participation a la Basse Époque Hellénistique. Actes de la table ronde des 22 et 23 mai 2004, BNF organisée par le groupe de recherché dirigé par P. Gauthier de l’UMR 8585 (Centre Gustave Glotz), 2005, pp. 9-36.
[27] M. G. Gygax. „Contradictions et asymétrie dans l'évergétisme grec: bienfaiteurs étrangers et citoyens entre image et réalité”. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 9-23, 2006.
[28] L. Migeotte. „L’évergétisme des citoyens aux périodes classique et hellénistique”. Actes du Xe Congrès International d’Epigraphie grecque et latine, Nîmes, 4-9 octobre 1992, 1997, p. 183-197.
[29] I Priene, 112-114. P. Fröhlich. „Les activités évergétiques des gymnasiarques à l’epoque hellenistique tardive: la forniture de l’huile”. L’huile et l’argent. Actes du colloque tenu à Fribourg du 13 au 15 octobre 2005, publiés en l’honneur du Prof. Marcel Piérart à l’occasion de son 60ème anniversaire, 2009, pp. 57-94.
[30] F. Santangelo. Sulla, the Elites and the Empire. A study of Roman Policies in Italy and the Greek East, Leiden: Brill, 2007, p. 60-65; See [23] pp. 162. R. L. Barr, „Honors for Late Hellenistic Civic Benefactors in Western Asia Minor, Cincinnati”, M.A. thesis, University of Cincinnati, 1995, pp. 7-31.
[31] See [30] (Barr) pp. 32-34. See [23] pp. 490.
[32] See [30] (Barr) pp. 44-52.
[33]. See [30] (Barr) pp. 90-103.
[34]. See [30] (Barr) pp. 53-65.
[35]. See [23] pp. 418.
[36]. See [23] pp. 406.
[37] Plutarh, „Sylla”, „Pompeius”, in Oameni ilu?tri ai Greciei, translated by Gh. Ghiri?? and V. Gu?u, Chi?in?u, 1997 pp. 165-166, pp. 225.
[38] See [37] Marcus Brutus, pp. 307. See [23] pp. 239, 258.
[39] See [37] Marcus Brutus, pp. 325-326; See [23] pp. 427.
[40] See [4] pp. 101, 102, 104.
[41] See [5] pp. 2-3.
[42] See [6] pp. 298.
[43] F. Quass. Die Honoratiorenschicht in den Städten des griechischen Ostens: Untersuchungen zur politischen und sozialen Entwicklung in hellenistischer und römischer Zeit. Stuttgart, 1993, pp. 15-6. See [29] (Fröhlich) pp. 228-9. Ph. Gauthier. „ Introduction”. See [26], pp. 1-8, especially the page 2.
[44] M. Mauss. The Gift. The form and reason for exchange in archaic societies. London, New York, (1950, 1954), 1990.
[45] See [29] (Fröhlich) pp. 225.
[2] M. Sartre, J. Leclant. Dictionnaire de l’Antiquité. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2005, pp. 866; A. Sartre-Fauriat et P. Brun, Dictionnaire du Monde grec antique, La Rousse in extenso, 2009, pp. 225.
[3] A. Cantacuz. „Evergetism/Benefactors and oil donation in Ionia in the Hellenistic and Roman period”, in Some Studies of Economics Changes, 2016, pp. 245–52.
[4] P. Veyne. Bread and circuses. Historical sociology and political pluralism, translated by B. Pearce, with an Introduction by O. Murray. London: Penguin Books, 1990, pp. 10-11, 34-35, 42, 202-3.
[5] Ph. Gauthier. Les cites grecques et leurs bienfaiteurs (IVe-Ier s. av. J. C) Contribution à l’histoire des institutions. Paris, 1985, pp. 2-3, 83.
[6] L. Migeotte. Les Finances des Cités Grecques aux Périodes Classique et Hellénistique. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2014, pp. 295-98.
[7] A. Zuiderhoek. The Politics of Munificence in the Roman Empire. Citizens, Elites and Benefactors in Asia Minor. Cambridge: University Press, pp. 6-9.
[8] D. Sviatoslav. City Governement in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor. Oxford: University Press, 2005, pp. 43-4.
[9] D. M. Gygax. Benefaction and Rewards in the Ancient Greek City. The Origins of Euergetism. Cambridge: University Press, 2016, pp. 52-7, 258.
[10] M. Gramatopol. Civiliza?ia elenistic?, second edition. Bra?ov: Orientul Latin, Bra?ov, 2011, pp. 316-17. P. Devambez. Enciclopedia civiliza?iei grece?ti, trad. I. Stati, S. Stati. Bucure?ti: Meridiane, 1970, pp. 22-3, 179.
[11] See [8] pp. 18-9, 31-3, 36-40. D. Magie. Roman Rule in Asia Minor. To the end of the third century after Christ, vol. I. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1950, pp. 56.
[12] See [6] pp. 135-49.
[13] See [6] pp. 175-300.
[14] I. Dydima 479.
[15] C. B. Walles. Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic Period: a Study in Greek Epigraphy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1934, 5, pp. 33-7.
[16] See [15] 6, pp. 42-3.
[17] See [15] 9, pp. 55.
[18] See[15] 14, pp. 71-9.
[19] See [15] 22, pp. 107-8.
[20] Panamara 5.
[21] See [15] 22, pp. 212-14.
[22] For all the inscriptions that attest proxenies (foreigners) honored by Greek cities see Proxeny Networks of the Ancient World (a database of proxeny networks of the Greek-city-states), http://proxenies.csad.ox.ac.uk/places/home [20.06.2016].
[23]. D. Magie, Roman rule in Asia Minor: to the end of the third century after Christ, vol. I, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1950, pp. 131-32, 327-30, 473-4.
[24] A. Magnetto. „Interstate arbitration and Foreign Judges”, in The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Law, 2016, pp. 2 from 46. E. Samama. Le Médecins dans le Monde Grec. Sources Épigraphiques sur la Naissance d'un Corps Medical. Paris: Libraire Droz, 2003.
[25] I. Rutherford. „Theoria and Theater at Samothrace: The Dardanos by Dymas of Iasos”, in The Greek Theater and Festivals Documentary Studies, 2007, pp. 279-293.
[26] B. Paarmann. „L’évergetisme des étrangers à l’époque classique. Recherches sur la nature des services rendus et l’identité des bienfaiteurs”, in Citoyenneté et Participation a la Basse Époque Hellénistique. Actes de la table ronde des 22 et 23 mai 2004, BNF organisée par le groupe de recherché dirigé par P. Gauthier de l’UMR 8585 (Centre Gustave Glotz), 2005, pp. 9-36.
[27] M. G. Gygax. „Contradictions et asymétrie dans l'évergétisme grec: bienfaiteurs étrangers et citoyens entre image et réalité”. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 9-23, 2006.
[28] L. Migeotte. „L’évergétisme des citoyens aux périodes classique et hellénistique”. Actes du Xe Congrès International d’Epigraphie grecque et latine, Nîmes, 4-9 octobre 1992, 1997, p. 183-197.
[29] I Priene, 112-114. P. Fröhlich. „Les activités évergétiques des gymnasiarques à l’epoque hellenistique tardive: la forniture de l’huile”. L’huile et l’argent. Actes du colloque tenu à Fribourg du 13 au 15 octobre 2005, publiés en l’honneur du Prof. Marcel Piérart à l’occasion de son 60ème anniversaire, 2009, pp. 57-94.
[30] F. Santangelo. Sulla, the Elites and the Empire. A study of Roman Policies in Italy and the Greek East, Leiden: Brill, 2007, p. 60-65; See [23] pp. 162. R. L. Barr, „Honors for Late Hellenistic Civic Benefactors in Western Asia Minor, Cincinnati”, M.A. thesis, University of Cincinnati, 1995, pp. 7-31.
[31] See [30] (Barr) pp. 32-34. See [23] pp. 490.
[32] See [30] (Barr) pp. 44-52.
[33]. See [30] (Barr) pp. 90-103.
[34]. See [30] (Barr) pp. 53-65.
[35]. See [23] pp. 418.
[36]. See [23] pp. 406.
[37] Plutarh, „Sylla”, „Pompeius”, in Oameni ilu?tri ai Greciei, translated by Gh. Ghiri?? and V. Gu?u, Chi?in?u, 1997 pp. 165-166, pp. 225.
[38] See [37] Marcus Brutus, pp. 307. See [23] pp. 239, 258.
[39] See [37] Marcus Brutus, pp. 325-326; See [23] pp. 427.
[40] See [4] pp. 101, 102, 104.
[41] See [5] pp. 2-3.
[42] See [6] pp. 298.
[43] F. Quass. Die Honoratiorenschicht in den Städten des griechischen Ostens: Untersuchungen zur politischen und sozialen Entwicklung in hellenistischer und römischer Zeit. Stuttgart, 1993, pp. 15-6. See [29] (Fröhlich) pp. 228-9. Ph. Gauthier. „ Introduction”. See [26], pp. 1-8, especially the page 2.
[44] M. Mauss. The Gift. The form and reason for exchange in archaic societies. London, New York, (1950, 1954), 1990.
[45] See [29] (Fröhlich) pp. 225.
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2018-06-06
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Cantacuz, A. (2018). Some New Considerations about Evergetism in Asia Minor. The Hellenistic Period and the First Century BC. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 43(1), 241–262. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/4071
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