Features of Integration of UAV Photogrammetry and GNSS in Digital Mapping of Construction Sites

Abstract

 In this study a comprehensive analysis of the methodological foundations for the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with photogrammetric systems and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for digital mapping and monitoring of construction sites was conducted. The objective of the work is to develop a systematization of integration approaches, including traditional methods based on ground control points (GCP) and modern direct georeferencing technologies such as real?time kinematics (RTK) and post?processed kinematics (PPK). Based on a review of current scientific literature and processing of empirical data, a comparative evaluation of the considered methodologies was performed according to criteria such as accuracy characteristics, operational efficiency and economic feasibility. It was determined that the implementation of RTK/PPK ensures a reduction in field work time and a decrease in labor costs compared with the classical GCP scheme while achieving comparable or higher georeferencing accuracy. As a result of the study a classification of integration methodologies and an algorithm for selecting the optimal technology, taking into account the specifics of construction monitoring tasks, terrain features and the presence of factors negatively affecting GNSS signal reception, have been proposed. It is emphasized that the choice of the preferred approach must be based on a comprehensive assessment of required accuracy, budgetary constraints and operating conditions on site. The materials of this work will be of value to surveying engineers, construction project managers and researchers engaged in the automation and digitalization of processes in the construction industry.