Tectono-Stratigraphy of Benin Basin, West Africa
Keywords:
Rift Basin, Chronostratigraphy, Benin Basin, Sequences, Unconformities, Hydrocarbon entrapment.Abstract
This study presents the tectono-stratigraphic analysis of part of the rift-Benin basin. Datasets from both seismic and biostratigraphy were integrated to identify sequences and structural elements present in the field. Key objectives of the study include: reconstruction of the depositional history of the area using seismic-stratigraphic principles, to identify sequences and structural elements that possess potentials for hydrocarbon entrapment. The seismic-stratigraphic method was adopted to delineate key chronostratigraphic surfaces in the study area which are relevant to hydrocarbon accumulation. Four mega-sequences identified in the study area include: Albian sequence, the Cenomanian-Coniancian, the Campanian – Maastrichtian and Paleocene-Neogene sequences. The Cretaceous sequences are grouped into two depositional sequences designated as 1 and 2. The study has shown that the basin is aligned generally East-West with boundaries delimited by an East-West transform fault system and North-South structural arches. The interplay of these stratigraphic features has revealed three unconformity- bound surfaces. Two sequences of Cretaceous age have been delineated, which include sediments deposited between Albian and Maastrichtian (Abeokuta Formation).
References
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[31] Opara AI (2011). Estimation of the Depth to Magnetic Basement in Part of the Dahomey Basin, Southwestern Nigeria. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 5(9): 335-343.
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[33] Tucker ME (1992). Aspects of the Tano basin stratigraphy revealed by recent drill in Ghana. In Curnell, R. ed. geologie Africain-1er colloques de stratigraphie et de paleogegraphie des basins sedimentaires oust Africans, 2 Colloque African de micropaleontology. Libreville Gabon, May 6-9, 1991. ELF Aquitane Memoire 13:153-159.
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[35] Whiteman AJ (1982). Nigeria: Its Petroleum geology, Resources and Potential. Graham & Trotman Publishers, London.v.2 394 pp.
[2] Agagu OK (1985). A geological guide to bituminous sediments in Southwestern Nigeria.( Unpubl.
Report, Department of Geology, University of Ibadan).
[3] Akande SO, Ojo OJ, Adekeye OA, Egenhoff SO, Obaje NG, Erdtmann, BD (2011). Stratigraphic Evolution and Petroleum Potential of Middle Cretaceous Sediments in the Lower and Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria: Insights from New Source Rock Facies Evaluation. Petroleum Technology Development Journal ISSN 1595-9104 v11.
[4] Antol P (1968). Eocene Phosphate in the Dahomey basin. Jour. Min. Geol. 3 (1&2) 17-23.
[5] Billman HG (1976). Offshore Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Dahomey Embayment. Proc. 7thAfr. Micropal. Coll., IIe-Ife.
[6] Blarez E, Mascle J (1988). Shallow structures and evolution of the Ivory Coast and Ghana Transform Margins: Marine and Petroleum Geology 5: 54-64
[7] Bowen BE, DJ Rosen BL, Shaffer (1994). Sequence Stratigraphic and Structural Framework, Southeast Niger Delta Shelf. Nigeria Assocation of Petroleum Explorationist Bulletin. 9/01: 51-57
[8] Brownfield ME, Charpentier RR (2006). Geology and Total Petroleum systems of West-Central Coastal province (7203) West Africa. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin. 2207-B, 52 p.
[9] Burke K (1969). Seismic areas of the Guinea Coast. Nature 222: 655-657.
[10] Benkhelil J, Mascle J, Guiraud M (1998). Sedimentary and structural characteristics of the Cretaceous along the Côte D’ivoire-Ghana transform margin and in the Benue trough: A COMPARISON: In: Mascle J, Lohmann GP, Moullade M (Eds.) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 159.
[11 ] Benkhelil J, Guiraud M, Mascle J, Basile C, Bouillin JP, Mascle G,Cousin M (1996).Enregistrement structural du coulissageAfrique/ Brésil au sein des sédimentscrétacés de la marge transformante de Côted’Ivoire-Ghana. C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. 2, 323: 73–80.
[12 ] Chierici MA (1996). Stratigraphy, Palaeoenvironments and Geological evolution of the Ivory Coast-Ghana basin, in Jardiné, S., de Klasz, I., and Debenay, J.-P., eds., Géologie de l’Afrique et de l’AtlantiqueSud, 12 e Colloque de Micro¬palaéontologieAfricaine, 2 e Colloque de Stratigraphie et Paléogéographie de l’AtlantiqueSud, Angers, France, 1994, Recueil des Communications: Pau, Elf Aquitaine, Memoire. 16:293–303.
[13 ] Clifford AC (1986). African oil, past present and future in Halbouty MT ed., Future petroleum provinces of the world, Proceedings of the Wallace E. Pratt memorial conference, Phoenix. December American Association of Petroleum Geologist. Memoir: 339-372.
[14 ] Conn PI, Deighton J, Flitton C. Le Roy (2009). Benin Ultradeep seismic study reveals transform margin and potential hydrocarbon prospectivity. TGS Geological Products and Services, Millbank House, Surbiton, UK Consultant to TGS Geological Products and Services.
[15] Dumestre MA (1985). Northern Gulf of Guinea shows prom¬ise: Oil and Gas. J. v. 83, no.18: 154–165.
[16 ] Elvsborg A, Dalode J (1985). Benin hydrocarbon poten¬tial looks promising: Oil and Gas J, v 82: 126–131.
[17 ] Emery D, Myers KJ (1996). Sequence Stratigraphy, Blackwell Science London. pp 297.
[18 ] Guiraud M, Benkhelil J, Mascle J, Basile C, Mascle G, Bouillin JP, Cousin M (1997 b). Syn-rift to syn-transform deformation: evidences from deep sea dives along the Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana transform margin. Geo-Mar. Lett., Spec. Iss.
[19 ] Haack RC, Sundararaman P, Diedjomahor JO, Xiao H, Gant NJ, May ED, Kelsch K (2000). Niger Delta Petroleum Systems, Nigeria. In Mello MR, Katz BJ. eds. Petroleum systems of South-Atlantic Margins. American Association of Petroleum Geological Memoir 73: 213-231.
[20 ] Kingston DR, Dishroon CP, Williams PA (1983). Global Basin Classification System. AAPG. Bull., Vol. 67: 2175-2193.
[21] Kjemperud A, Agbesinyale W, Agdestein T, Gustafson C, Yukler A (1992). Tectonic-Stratigraphic history of the Keta Basin, Ghana with emphasis on late erosional episodes. In Curnelle R, ed. Geologie Africaine-1er Colloques de Stratigraphie et de Paleogeographie des basins sedimentaires oust-Africain, 2e Colloque African de Micropaleontologie, Libreville, Gabon. May 6-8, 1991. ELFAquitane Memoir 13: 55-69.
[22] Klett TR, Ahlbrandt TS, Schmoker JW, Dolton GL (1997). Ranking of the world’s oil and gas provinces by known petroleum volumes. U.S Geological survey open file report 97-463. (1) one CD ROM.
[23] Macgregor DS, Cameron NR (2003). Eds. Petroleum Geology of Africa-New themes developing Technologies. Geological Society, London Special Publication. pp 207- 289.
[24] Macgregor DS, Robinson J, Spear G (2003). Play fairways of the Gulf of Guinea transform Margin. In Arthur, T.J.
[25] Mascle J, Blarea E, Marinho M (1988). The shallow structures of the Guinea and Ivory Coast–Ghana transform margins—Their bearing on the equatorial Atlantic Mesozoic evolution: Tectonophysics v. 155: 193–209.
[26] Michael E, Ronald C (2006). Geology and Total Petroleum systems of the Gulf of Guinea province of West Africa: U.S Geological Survey Bulletin 2207-C, 32p.
[27] Mitchum RM Jr. (1977). Seismic Stratigraphy and Global Changes of Sea Level, Part II: Glossary of terms used in seismic stratigraphy, In: (Ed Clayton, C.E) Seismic stratigraphy – applications to hydrocarbon exploration. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir. 26: 205-212.
[28] Nton ME, Elueze AA (2005). Compositional characteristics and industrial assessment of sedimentary clay bodies in part of Eastern Dahomey basin, Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology. 412: 175 -184.
[29] Odigi MI (2007). Facies Architecture and Sequence Stratigraphy of Cretaceous formations,southeastern Benue trough, Nigeria. Unpublished PhD Thesis University of Port Harcourt, pp312.
[30] Omatsola ME, Adegoke OS (1981).Tectonic evolution and Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Dahomey basin. Nigeria Journal Mining and Geology. 18 (01): 130–137.
[31] Opara AI (2011). Estimation of the Depth to Magnetic Basement in Part of the Dahomey Basin, Southwestern Nigeria. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 5(9): 335-343.
[32] Slansky M (1962). Contribution a petudegeologue du basin sedimentairecotier du dahomey et du Tego.Mem.Bur.Rech.Geol.Min 11.270p.
[33] Tucker ME (1992). Aspects of the Tano basin stratigraphy revealed by recent drill in Ghana. In Curnell, R. ed. geologie Africain-1er colloques de stratigraphie et de paleogegraphie des basins sedimentaires oust Africans, 2 Colloque African de micropaleontology. Libreville Gabon, May 6-9, 1991. ELF Aquitane Memoire 13:153-159.
[34 ] Vail PR, Mitchum RM, Thompson 111 S (1977). Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 3: relative changes of sea level from coastal onlap, In: Payton, CW (ed.) Seismic Stratigraphy. Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 26: 49-212.
[35] Whiteman AJ (1982). Nigeria: Its Petroleum geology, Resources and Potential. Graham & Trotman Publishers, London.v.2 394 pp.
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Published
2018-08-15
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I. Odigi, M., Soronnadi-Ononiwu, S.-O., S. Momta, G. C. P., & A. Anthony, O. (2018). Tectono-Stratigraphy of Benin Basin, West Africa. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 46(1), 1–16. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/3987
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