Validity of Brainstorming Strategy on Students’ Prior Knowledge and Academic Performance in Chemistry in Selected Secondary Schools in South-South Nigeria
Keywords:
Academic performance, Chemistry, Brainstorming strategy, Prior knowledge.Abstract
This study examined the effects of brainstorming strategy on students’ prior knowledge and academic performance in chemistry. A sample of 148 participants (made up of 71 female and 77 male students) in their intact classes were drawn from four selected coeducational secondary schools in two states in south-south Nigeria. The schools were assigned into two instructional groups- the experimental (brainstorming strategy) group with 73 and control (lecture method) group with 75 students. Data were obtained through the administration of Pretest followed with a seven week treatment, and then the administration of posttest. Data were analyzed using mean and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results showed statistically significant difference in both mean knowledge and mean academic performance in favour of the brainstorming group. The result further showed no statistically significant difference in the mean academic performance of male and female students in the experimental group. More so, the study revealed no significant interaction effect of instructional strategies and sex on academic performance.
From the results of this study it was recommended that science curriculum designers and teachers should respectively design and use appropriate instructional strategies and packages that can evoke students’ prior knowledge to promote learning.
References
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[31]. Mohammed, K. H. ‘‘Effect of brainstorming on Balga Applied University’s students’ achievement in the course “E 101” and its relation to some variables’’. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 20: 81-86, 2016.
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[34]. Nbina, J. B. (2012a). Analysis of poor performance of senior secondary students in chemistry in Nigeria. African Research Review, An international multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, 6 (4), 324 – 334. [ Series No. 27, October, 2012].
[35]. Odoh, C. O. ‘‘Effects of brainstorming on students’ achievements in senior secondary chemistry’’. Journal of Qualitative Education, 9(4): 1-8, May, 2013.
[36]. Ogbuanya, T. C., & Owodunni, A. S. ‘‘Effects of reflective inquiry instructional technique on students’ achievement and interest in radio, television and electronics works in technical colleges’’. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN), 3(11), 01-11, 2013.
[37]. Opara, M. F. ‘‘Application of the learning theories in teaching chemistry: Implication for global competitiveness. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 4(10), 1224 – 1243, 2013.
[38]. Orji, A. B. C. & Ekpo, G.O. ‘‘Constructivism-based instructional approaches and students’ learning outcomes in environmental education’’. International Journal of Education, Science, Humanities, Mathematics and Environmental Studies (IJESHMES), 5(1&2), 146 – 160, 2013.
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[42]. Piaget, J. ‘‘Piajet’s theory’’, in Handbook of child Psychology, 3rd ed, vol 1. P. Mussen, Ed. New York: Willey,1970, pp 703-732.
[43]. Rashtchi, M. & Beiki, M. ‘‘The effect of teachers’ generated cooperative brainstorming versus learner-generated cooperative brainstorming on activating EFL learners’ background knowledge in essay writing classes’’. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 5(52): 1218-1227, 2015. Available:www.cibtech.org/sp.ed/jls/2015/02/jls.htm, May 24th , 2016.
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[46]. Rodrigo, M. M. T., Ong, A., Bringula, R., Basa, R. S., Cruz, C.D., Matsuda, N.‘‘Impact of prior knowledge and teaching strategies on learning by teaching’’. Journal of Educational Computing Reseach, January 2013.Available: http://www.reseachgate.net/publication/2892, June 2nd, 2016.
[47]. Shapiro, A. ‘‘How including prior knowledge as a subject variable may change outcomes of learning research’’. American Educational Research Journal, 41: 159-183, 2004.
[48]. Sodouh, W. ‘‘The effect of using the strategies of brainstorming and computer education in academic achievement and the development of creative thinking skills of sixth grade students in Jordan and their attitudes towards learning mathematics’’. European Scientific Journal, 9(13): 220-238, 2013.
[49]. Udousoro, U. J. ‘‘The effects of gender and mathematics ability on academic performance of students in chemistry’’. African Research Review: An international multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia,5(4), 201-213, 2011.
[50]. UNC. ‘‘Design and problem solving in technology’’. Albany. NY: Delmar, 2014.
[51]. Warsnak, A. D. ‘‘The effects of activating prior knowledge before reading on students with and without learning difficulties’’. A thesis submitted to the College of Curriculum and Instruction, and the Faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University, 2006.
[52]. Woolfolk, A., Hughes, M. & Walkup, V. Psychology in Education. England, Edinburgh Gate Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2008, pp. 38 – 40.
[2]. Al-blwi, Q. ‘‘The effectiveness of using brainstorming strategy in developing thinking in Islamic education among third secondary students in Tabouk City’’. Master Thesis, Mut’a University, Krak, Jordan, 2006.
[3]. Al-harbi, A. ‘‘The effects of brainstorming in developing creative thinking and achievement among first secondary schools students in biology in Arrar City’’. Unpublished Master Thesis, Faculty of Education, Mecca, 2002.
[4]. Al-Magharwry, A. ‘‘Effectiveness of using the brainstorming technique to learn some basic skills and collection of knowledge for beginners in volley ball’’. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 6(4), 361-366, 2012
[5]. Al-Olimat, A. ‘‘The effects of brainstorming and discovery in teaching science in developing creative thinking’’. Al-sharga Humanitarian Sciences Journal, 5(1), 2008
[6]. Alsalamat, M. & Kharabsha. ‘‘Efficiency of using brainstorming strategy in the seventh grade students’ achievement and their attitudes toward geography’’. Educational Journal, Egypt, 27(3), 357-388, 2010
[7]. Aniodoh, H. C. O. & Eze, G. N. ‘‘Achieving effectiveness in secondary school chemistry classroom using constructivist aapproach. A case study of physical and chemical changes’’. Proceedings of the 55th Annual Confernce of STAN, 2014, pp. 247 – 252.
[8]. Ashammari, M. K. ‘‘Effective brainstorming in teaching social studies for elementary schools in Saudi Arabia’’. Journal of Education & Social Policy, 2(3), 70 – 75, September, 2015.
[9]. Aurah, C. M. ‘‘The effects of self-efficacy beliefs and metacognition, an academic performance: A mixed method study’’. American Journal of Educational Research, 1(8), 334-343, 2013
[10]. Ausubel, D. ‘‘Educational Psychology’’. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1968
[11]. Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L. & Cocking, R. R. ‘‘How people learn: Brain, mind, experience and school’’. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000
[12]. Bringula, R., Basa, R. S., Cruz, C.D., & Rodrigo, M. M. T. ‘‘Effects of prior knowledge in mathematics on learner – interface interactions in a learning by teaching intelligent tutoring system’’. Journal of Educational Computing Reseach, November, 2015. Available: http://www.reseachgate.net/publication/2837, June 2nd, 2016. DOI: 10.1177/ O735633115622213
[13]. Brown, T., LeMay, H., & Bursten, B. ‘‘Chemistry: The central science (12th ed.)’’. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice, 2013.
[14]. Co?tu, B., Ayas, A. A., Çalick, M., Ünal, S. & Karatas, F. O. ‘‘Using the competence of material science teachers and laboratory determination of solution preparation’’. Hacethepe Univ. Fac. Educ. J., 28: 65-72, 2005
[15]. Dochy, F. J. R. C. & Alexander, P. A. ‘‘Mapping prior knowledge. A framework for discussion among researchers’’. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 10(3): 225-242, 1995.
[16]. Evans, K. L., Yaron, D., & Leinhardht, G. ‘‘Learning stoichiometry: A comparison of text and multimedia formats’’. Chemistry Education Research and Practice,9(3), 208 – 218, 2008.
[17]. Ezeudu, F. O. & Obi, T. N. ‘‘Effects of gender and location on students’ achievement in chemistry in secondary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State’’. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(15), 2013. Available: http://pt.slideshare.net/AlexanderDecker, Feb. 25th,2014.
[18]. Fanona, Z. N. ‘‘The effect of using the model of generative learning and brainstorming in the development of concepts and the attitude towards biology for the eleventh grade male students’’. 2012
[19]. Fatokun, K.V.F. & Omenasa, K. A. ‘‘Effect of prior knowledge on students’ achievement in chemistry’’. African Educational Research Journal, 3(3), 184-189, , 2015.
[20]. Feathers, K. M. ‘‘Info Text: Reading and Learning’’. Ontorio: Pippin publishing Corporation, 2004.
[21]. Haider, A., & Al Naqabi, A. ‘‘Emiratti high school students’ understanding of stoichiometry and the influence of metacognition on their understanding. Research in Science Technology Education,26(2), 215 – 237, 2008. Available: http://www.ingentaconnect.com , June 26th, 2016.
[22]. Hand, B., Yang, O., & Brusvoort, C. ‘‘Using writing to learn science strategies to improve year II students’ understanding of stochiometry. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 5(1), 125 – 143, 2007. Doi: 10.1007151763-005-9028-1
[23]. Hashempour, Z., Rostampour, M. & Behjat, F. ‘‘The effect of brainstorming as a pre-writing strategy on EFL advanced learner’s writing ability’’. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research.[On-line] 2(1): 86-99, 2015. Available: www.jallr.ir [May 2nd , 2016]
[24]. Inomiesa, E. A., Achufusi, N. N. & Mgbemena, C. O. ‘‘Effects of self-regulated learning and metacognitive learning cycle on the academic achievement of physics students’’. Open Journal of Advanced Engineering Techniques (OJAET), 1(3), 10-20, 2013.
[25]. Jack, G. U. ‘‘The influence of identified student and school variables on students’ science process skills acquisition’’. Journal of Education and Practice, 4(5), 16-21, 2013
[26]. Jarwan, F. ‘‘Teaching thinking: Definition and applications’’. Amman: Dar Al-fkir. Jordan, 2005.
[27]. Keshwan, B. A. ‘‘To study the effects of brainstorming instructional strategies and simulation games on secondary school students’ achievement in social studies’’. Golden Research Thoughts, 3(11) 1- 5, May, 2014.
[28]. Kihwele, J. E. (2014). ‘‘Students’ perception of science subjects and their attitude in Tanzanian secondary schools’’. World Journal of Educational Research, 1(1), 1 – 8, January, 2014.
[29]. Masoura, E. & Cathercole, S. ‘‘Contrasting contributions of phonological short-term memory and long-term knowledge to vocabulary learning in a foreign language’’. Memory, 13(3 & 4): 422-239, 2005.
[30]. Melaku, M. W., Harrison, A., & Temechegn, E. ‘‘What makes chemistry difficult?’’ AJCE, 4 (1), 31 – 43, 2014[Special issue, part 1]
[31]. Mohammed, K. H. ‘‘Effect of brainstorming on Balga Applied University’s students’ achievement in the course “E 101” and its relation to some variables’’. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 20: 81-86, 2016.
[32]. Nbina, J. B. & Obomanu, B. J. ‘‘Assessment of the effects of problem-solving instructional strategies on students’ achievement and retention in chemistry with respect to location in Rivers State’’. World Journal of Education, 11(2), 74-79, 2011.
[33]. Nbina, J. B. ‘‘The effect of instruction in metacognitive self-assessment strategy on chemistry self-efficacy and achievement of senior secondary school students in Rivers State, Nigeria’’. Journal of Research in Education, 3 (2), 83-94, 2012
[34]. Nbina, J. B. (2012a). Analysis of poor performance of senior secondary students in chemistry in Nigeria. African Research Review, An international multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, 6 (4), 324 – 334. [ Series No. 27, October, 2012].
[35]. Odoh, C. O. ‘‘Effects of brainstorming on students’ achievements in senior secondary chemistry’’. Journal of Qualitative Education, 9(4): 1-8, May, 2013.
[36]. Ogbuanya, T. C., & Owodunni, A. S. ‘‘Effects of reflective inquiry instructional technique on students’ achievement and interest in radio, television and electronics works in technical colleges’’. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN), 3(11), 01-11, 2013.
[37]. Opara, M. F. ‘‘Application of the learning theories in teaching chemistry: Implication for global competitiveness. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 4(10), 1224 – 1243, 2013.
[38]. Orji, A. B. C. & Ekpo, G.O. ‘‘Constructivism-based instructional approaches and students’ learning outcomes in environmental education’’. International Journal of Education, Science, Humanities, Mathematics and Environmental Studies (IJESHMES), 5(1&2), 146 – 160, 2013.
[39]. Osborn, A. F.‘‘Applied imagination: Principles and procedures of creative thinking’’. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1953.
[40]. Osborn, A. F. ‘‘Applied imaginations: Principles and procedures of creative problem solving. (3rd Rev. edition)’’. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1963.
[41]. Owo, W. J. ‘‘Effects of metacognitive-motivational strategies on the academic achievement of secondary school chemistry students with different psychological profiles in Rivers State’’. An unpublished PhD dissertation, College of Graduate studies, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, 2015.
[42]. Piaget, J. ‘‘Piajet’s theory’’, in Handbook of child Psychology, 3rd ed, vol 1. P. Mussen, Ed. New York: Willey,1970, pp 703-732.
[43]. Rashtchi, M. & Beiki, M. ‘‘The effect of teachers’ generated cooperative brainstorming versus learner-generated cooperative brainstorming on activating EFL learners’ background knowledge in essay writing classes’’. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 5(52): 1218-1227, 2015. Available:www.cibtech.org/sp.ed/jls/2015/02/jls.htm, May 24th , 2016.
[44]. Rizi, C. E., Najafipour, M., Haghani, F. & Dehghan, S. ‘‘The effects of using the brainstorming method on the academic achievement of students in grade five in Tehran elementary schools’’. [2nd World Conference on Educational Technology Researches – WCETR 2012]. Procedia – Social and Behavioural Sciences, 83: 230-233, 2013.
[45]. Robertson, L., Taczak, K. & Yancey, K. B. ‘‘Notes toward a theory of prior knowledge and its role in college composers’ transfer of knowledge and practice’’. Composition Forum 26, 2012. Available: http://composition-forum.com/issue/26/priorknwoeldge-transfer.php, May 20 th , 2016
[46]. Rodrigo, M. M. T., Ong, A., Bringula, R., Basa, R. S., Cruz, C.D., Matsuda, N.‘‘Impact of prior knowledge and teaching strategies on learning by teaching’’. Journal of Educational Computing Reseach, January 2013.Available: http://www.reseachgate.net/publication/2892, June 2nd, 2016.
[47]. Shapiro, A. ‘‘How including prior knowledge as a subject variable may change outcomes of learning research’’. American Educational Research Journal, 41: 159-183, 2004.
[48]. Sodouh, W. ‘‘The effect of using the strategies of brainstorming and computer education in academic achievement and the development of creative thinking skills of sixth grade students in Jordan and their attitudes towards learning mathematics’’. European Scientific Journal, 9(13): 220-238, 2013.
[49]. Udousoro, U. J. ‘‘The effects of gender and mathematics ability on academic performance of students in chemistry’’. African Research Review: An international multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia,5(4), 201-213, 2011.
[50]. UNC. ‘‘Design and problem solving in technology’’. Albany. NY: Delmar, 2014.
[51]. Warsnak, A. D. ‘‘The effects of activating prior knowledge before reading on students with and without learning difficulties’’. A thesis submitted to the College of Curriculum and Instruction, and the Faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University, 2006.
[52]. Woolfolk, A., Hughes, M. & Walkup, V. Psychology in Education. England, Edinburgh Gate Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2008, pp. 38 – 40.
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Published
2016-08-27
How to Cite
J. Owo, D. W., O. Idode, V., & F. Ikwut, E. (2016). Validity of Brainstorming Strategy on Students’ Prior Knowledge and Academic Performance in Chemistry in Selected Secondary Schools in South-South Nigeria. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 24(1), 113–130. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/1857
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