Prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Among Individuals Attending a Health Fair in Dominica

Authors

  • Onovughe Joseph Akpore Medical Student, All Saints University School of Medicine, Hillsborough Street, P.o.box 1679, Roseau, Dominica.
  • David Adeiza Otohinoyi Medical Student, All Saints University School of Medicine, Hillsborough Street, P.o.box 1679, Roseau, Dominica.
  • Charlene Similoluwa Omekwu Medical Student, All Saints University School of Medicine, Hillsborough Street, P.o.box 1679, Roseau, Dominica.
  • Ize Jemima Anumah Medical Student, All Saints University School of Medicine, Hillsborough Street, P.o.box 1679, Roseau, Dominica.
  • Balogun Olutola Olufemi Medical Student, All Saints University School of Medicine, Hillsborough Street, P.o.box 1679, Roseau, Dominica.
  • Moheem Masumali Halari Assistant Professor, All Saints University School of Medicine, Hillsborough Street, P.o.box 1679, Roseau, Dominica.
  • Chidambra Dhariwal Halari Assistant Professor, All Saints University School of Medicine, Hillsborough Street, P.o.box 1679, Roseau, Dominica.

Keywords:

Prevalence, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, All Saints University School of Medicine, Health Fair, Dominica.

Abstract

Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus stands out to be one of the major diseases recorded worldwide. This has led to various responses by several organisations aiming at reducing and managing the incidence of these illnesses. Despite active involvement in combating hypertension and diabetes mellitus, recent surveys have also shown an incidence of over 1 billion hypertension cases and approximately 366 million diabetic individuals. Incidence of these diseases among the Caribbean populace have also shown similar increase, although surveys done among Caribbean islands in respect to the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus are limited. Thus this study is aimed at identifying cases of hypertensive and diabetic individuals in Dominica during a health fair. A total of 146 subjects were examined based on questionnaire and vital signs examination. Aside other parameters checked, 85(58.22%) and 47(33.58%) presented with high blood pressure and high blood glucose respectively. This study therefore highlights the need for proper awareness on the risks and complications of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among Caribbean indigene.

Author Biography

Chidambra Dhariwal Halari, Assistant Professor, All Saints University School of Medicine, Hillsborough Street, P.o.box 1679, Roseau, Dominica.



References

[1] What is high blood pressure; Answers by heart; 2015, American Heart Association. April 2016. Available at
http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@hcm/documents/downloadable/ucm_300310.pdf
[2] Understanding Blood Pressure Readings March 2016; High blood pressure; 2016 World Health Organization. April 2016. Available at
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/AboutHighBloodPressure/Understanding-Blood-Pressure-Readings_UCM_301764_Article.jsp
[3] The World Health Report 2002-Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002. Available at http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/
[4] Menendez J, Guevara A, Arcia N, Leon Diaz EM, Marin C, Alfonso JC. [Chronic diseases and functional limitation in older adults: a comparative study in seven cities of Latin America and the Caribbean] Rev PanamSaludPublica. 2005;17(5–6):353–361. [PubMed]
[5] Caribbean Health Research Council (CHRC) Managing Hypertension in Primary Care in the Caribbean Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) 2007. Available at
http://carpha.org/Portals/0/docs/Clinical%20Guidelines/Hypertension%20Guidelines.pdf
[6] WHO STEPS chronic disease risk factors survelliance. Available at www.who.int/chp/steps
[7] Dominica, Ministry of Health. Draft Reportof the Chief Medical Officer 2005–2009(Unpublished). Roseau: Ministry of Health; 2010.
[8] Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999. Report Number: WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2.
[9] Global report on diabetes. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2016.
[10] Kristeen Cherney 2014; Age of onset of type 2 diabetes: your risk; 2005 - 2016 Healthline Media. April 2016. Available at http://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes-age-of-onset#Overview1
[11] Body Mass Index; Healthy Weight; Heart Foundation. Available at
https://heartfoundation.org.au/your-heart/know-your-risks/healthy-weight/bmi-calculator
[12] Calculate Your Body Mass Index; Aim for a healthy weight; Department of Human and Health Services; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Available at
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm
[13] Causes of Diabetes; June 2014; Diabetes; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Available at
http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/Diabetes/causes-diabetes/Pages/index.aspx
[14] Michael L Ganz,, Neil Wintfeld, Qian Li, Veronica Alas, Jakob Langer and Mette Hammer 3 April 2014. The association of body mass index with the risk of type 2 diabetes: a case–control study nested in an electronic health records system in the United States. licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014. April 2016. Available at http://dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1758-5996-6-50
[15] Family history of type 2 diabetes: a population based screening tool for prevention; 2016 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. April 2016. Available at
http://www.nature.com/gim/journal/v8/n2/full/gim200617a.html
[16] Genetics and Diabetes; World Health Organization. April 2016. Available at
http://www.who.int/genomics/about/Diabetis-fin.pdf
[17] Flores, J.C., Hirschhorn, J., Altshuler, D. The inherited basis of diabetes mellitus: implications for the genetic analysis of complex traits. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet, 2003. 4: 257-291
[18] Complication of diabetes; 2015 International Diabetes Federation. April 2016. Available at http://www.idf.org/complications-diabetes
[19] Diabetes action online; diabetes programme; World Health Organization 2016. April 2016. Available at http://www.who.int/diabetes/action_online/basics/en/index3.html
[20] Diabetes, Diseases and Condition; 1998-2016 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. April 2016. Available at
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/basics/complications/con-20033091
[21] V. Mohan, Y. Seedat and R. Pradeepa, "The Rising Burden of Diabetes and Hypertension in Southeast Asian and African Regions: Need for Effective Strategies for Prevention and Control in Primary Health Care Settings", International Journal of Hypertension, vol. 2013, pp. 1-14, 2013.
[22] N. Unwin, D. Whiting, L. Guariguata, D. Ghyoot and D. Gan, Diabetes Atlas, 5th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2011.
[23] H. King, R. Aubert and W. Herman, "Global Burden of Diabetes, 1995-2025: Prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections", Diabetes Care, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1414-1431, 1998.
[24] W. Elliott, "Global Burden of Hypertension: Analysis of Worldwide Data", Yearbook of Cardiology, vol. 2006, pp. 4-5, 2006.
[25] A. Colosia, S. Khan and R. Palencia, "Prevalence of hypertension and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in observational studies: a systematic literature review", Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, p. 327, 2013.
[26] A. Hennis, "Diabetes in a Caribbean population: epidemiological profile and implications",International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 234-239, 2002.
[27] A. Hennis and H. Fraser, "Diabetes in the English-speaking Caribbean", Rev Panam Salud Publica, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 90-93, 2004.
[28] S. Laurent, J. Cockcroft, L. Van Bortel, P. Boutouyrie, C. Giannattasio, D. Hayoz, B. Pannier, C. Vlachopoulos, I. Wilkinson and H. Struijker-Boudier, "Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications", European Heart Journal, vol. 27, no. 21, pp. 2588-2605, 2006.
[29] A. Luckey, "Fluid and Electrolytes in the Aged", Arch Surg, vol. 138, no. 10, p. 1055, 2003.
[30] L. Martins, M. Lopes, N. Guedes, I. Teixeira, V. Souza and M. Montoril, "Nursing diagnosis sedentary lifestyle in individuals with hypertension: an analysis of accuracy", Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 804-810, 2014.
[31] H. Izawa, Y. Yamada, T. Okada, M. Tanaka, H. Hirayama and M. Yokota, "Prediction of Genetic Risk for Hypertension", Hypertension, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1035-1040, 2003.
[32] M. Tanira and K. Al Balushi, "Genetic variations related to hypertension: a review", J Hum Hypertens, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 7-19, 2004.
[33] F. Tesfaye, N. Nawi, H. Van Minh, P. Byass, Y. Berhane, R. Bonita and S. Wall, "Association between body mass index and blood pressure across three populations in Africa and Asia", J Hum Hypertens, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 28-37, 2006.
[34] D. Sinha, "Changing patterns of food, nutrition and health in the Caribbean", Nutrition Research, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 899-938, 1995.
[35] I. Wakabayashi, "Modification of the association of alcohol drinking with blood pressure by cigarette smoking", Blood Pressure, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 87-93, 2008.
[36] R. Maheswaran, J. Gill, P. Davies and D. Beevers, "High blood pressure due to alcohol. A rapidly reversible effect.", Hypertension, vol. 17, no. 61, pp. 787-792, 1991.
[37] T. Ferguson, M. Tulloch-Reid and R. Wilks, "The epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Jamaica and the Caribbean: a historical review", West Indian Medical Journal, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 259-264, 2010.

Downloads

Published

2016-05-12

How to Cite

Akpore, O. J., Otohinoyi, D. A., Omekwu, C. S., Anumah, I. J., Olufemi, B. O., Halari, M. M., & Halari, C. D. (2016). Prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Among Individuals Attending a Health Fair in Dominica. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 19(1), 74–84. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/1658

Issue

Section

Articles