Assessment of Lead, Copper and Cadmium Tolerance by Four Vegetable Species
Keywords:
ability of accumulation, heavy metals, vegetable crops, Tunisia.Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in agriculture soils has serious negative effects on human health and has become an important issue both in developed and developing countries. This study was conducted in ElOurdanine region (Monastir, Tunisia) and performed at four different sites using treated wastewater for irrigation. The aim is to detect the ability of accumulation of some heavy metals by four vegetable crops: peas (leguminosae), carrot (Apiaceae), lettuce (Asteraceae) and spinach (Chenopodiaceae) grown in contaminated soil. Total of 4 soils samples from the four experimental sites were collected and analyzed before and after vegetables cultivation. The quantitative content of Cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in the four species revealed differential abilities of accumulation. Significant differences were recorded. The comparison of the four species together showed that lettuce and spinach are the most accumulators of heavy metals, an average concentrations above than 7.50 mg.kg-1 DM were recorded, while the pea pods were characterized by the lower concentrations (<0.5 mg.kg-1 DM for Cd), carrot expressed a moderate accumulation with an average of four sites not exceeding 3 mg.kg-1 DM for Cd. The lower accumulators (pea and carrot) would be most suitable for cultivation on contaminated soils while both spinach and lettuce appear to be high accumulators of Cd and Pb that are considered a higher risk to human health than Cu.
References
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[2] F.Chen. F.Wang. F. Wu. W.Mao. G. Zhang. M. Zhou. (2010 a, Aug). “Modulation of exogenous glutathione in antioxidant defense system against Cd stress in the two barley genotypes differing in Cd tolerance”. Plant Physiology and Biochemestry. [On line]. 48 (8), pp 663-672. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.05.001 [May. 11, 2010].
[3] A.Elbaz. Y. Wei.Y. Meng. Q. Zheng. Q. Yang. ( 2010, Oct). “Mercury-induced oxidative stress and impact on antioxidant enzymes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii”. Ecotoxicology. [On line]. 19 (7), pp 1285-1293. Available. 10.1007/s10646-010-0514-z [Jun. 23, 2010].
[4] B. Singh. S.M. Prasad. (2011, Sep). “Reduction of heavy metal load in food chain: technology assessment”. Environmental Science and Biotechnology. [On line]. 10 (9), pp 199-214. Available. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-011 [Jun. 17 , 2011].
[5] S.S. Gill. M. Hasanuzzaman. K. Nahar. A. Macovei. N. Tuteja. (2013, Feb). “Importance of nitric oxide in cadmium stress tolerance in crop plants”. Plant Physiology and Biochemestry. [On line]. 63, pp 254-261. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.12.001 [Dec. 25, 2012].
[6] A.Basile. S. Sorbo. T. Pisani. L. Paoli. S. Munzi. S. Loppi. (2012, Jul). “Bioaccumulation and ultrastructural effects of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the moss Scorpiurumcircinatum (Brid.) Fleisch. & Loeske”. Environmental Pollution. [On line]. 166 (7), pp 208-211. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.018 [Apr. 17, 2012].
[7] L.D. Temmerman. A. Ruttens. N. Waegeneers. (2012, Jul). “Impact of atmospheric deposition of As, Cd and Pb on their concentration in carrot and celeriac”.Environmental Pollution. [On line]. 166, pp 187-195. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.032 [Apr. 16, 2012].
[8] T.S. Chou. Y. Chao. Y. Huang. W.D. Hong. C.Y. Kao. (2011, Jul). “Effect of magnesium deficiency on antioxidant status and cadmium toxicity in rice seedlings”. Journal Plant Physiology. [On line]. 168 (10), pp 1021-1030. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2010.12.004 [Jan. 7, 2011].
[9] S. Gangwar. V.P. Singh. P.K. Srivastava. J.N. Maurya. (2011a, Jul). “Modification of chromium (VI) phytotoxicity by exogenous gibberellic acid application in Pisum sativum (L.) Seedlings”.Acta Physiologia Plantarum. [On line]. 33 (4), pp 1385-1397. Available. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0672-x [Dec. 24, 2010].
[10] S. Gangwar. V.P. Singh. S.M. Prasad. J.N. Maurya. (2011b, March). “Differential responses of pea seedlings to indole acetic acid under manganese toxicity”. Acta Physiologia Plantarum. [On line]. 33 (2), pp 451-462. Available. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0565-z [Jul. 27, 2010].
[11] T.C. Thounaojam. P. Panda. P. Mazumdar. D. Kumar. G.D. Sharma. L. Sahoo. (2012, Apr). “Excess copper induced oxidative stress and response of antioxidants in rice”. Plant Physiology and Biochemestry. 53, pp 33-39. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.01.006 [Jan. 20, 2012].
[12] X. Li. Y. Yang. L. Jia. H. Chen. X. Wei. (2013, March). “Zinc-induced oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme response and proline metabolism in roots and leaves of wheat plants”. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. [On line] 89 (1), pp 150-157. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.11.025 [Dec. 20, 2012].
[13] M. Puschenreiter. O. Horak. W. Friesl. W. Hartl. (2005, Jan). “Low-cost agricultural measures to reduce heavy metal transfer into the food chain”. Plant Soil and Environment. [On line]. 51 (1), pp 1–11. Available. www.cabdirect.org.
[14] M.H. Wong. (2003, Feb). “Ecological restoration of mine degraded soils,with emphasis on metal contaminated soils”. Chemosphere. [On line]. 50 (6), pp 775–780. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00232-1 [Oct. 15, 2002].
[15] S. Dho. W. Camusso. M. Mucciarelli. A. Fusconi. (2010, Sep). “Arsenate toxicity on the apices of Pisum sativum L. seedling roots: effects on mitotic activity, chromatin integrity and microtubules”. Environmental and Experimental Botany. [On line]. 69 (1), pp 17-23. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.02.010 [Feb. 24, 2010].
[16] S. Ali. M.A. Farooq. T. Yasmeen. S. Hussain. M.S. Arif. F. Abbas. (2013, March). “The influence of silicon on barley growth, photosynthesis and ultra-structure under chromium stress”. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. [on line]. 89 (1), pp. 66-72. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.11.015 [Dec. 20, 2012].
[17] E. Rodriguez. C. Santos. R. Azevedo. J. Moutinho-Pereira. C. Correia. M.C. Dias. (2012, Apr). “Chromium (VI) induces toxicity at different photosynthetic levels in pea”. Plant Physiology and Biochemestry. [On line]. 53, pp 94-100. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.01.013 [Jan. 25, 2012].
[18] D. Scott. J.M. Keoghan. B.E. Allen. (1996, Jul). “Native and low input grasses a New Zealand high country perspective”. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. [On line]. 39 (4), pp 499-512. Available. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1996.9513211 [Mar. 17, 2010].
[19] D. Voutsa. A. Grimanis. C. Samara. (1996, Jul). “Trace elements in vegetables grown in industrial areas in relation to soil and air particulate matter”. Environmental Pollution. [On line]. 94 (3), pp 325-335. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00088-7 [Feb. 26, 1999].
[20] S. C. Wong. X.D. Li. G. Zhang. S.H. Qi. Y.S. Min. (2002, Aug). « Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the Pearl River Delta, South China”.Environment Pollution. [On line]. 119 (1), pp 33-44. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00325-6 [Nov. 28, 2001].
[21] D. Demirezen. A. Aksoy. (2004, Aug). “Accumulation of heavy metals in Typhaangustifolia(L.) and Potamogetonpectinatus(L.) Living in Sultan Marsh (Kayseri, Turkey)”. Chemosphere. [On line]. 56 (7), pp 685–696. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.011 [Jun. 9, 2004].
[22] M. T¨uzen. (2009, Aug). “Toxic and essential trace elemental contents in fish species from the Black Sea, Turkey”. Food and ChemicalvToxicity, [On line]. 47 (8), pp 1785–1790. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.029 [May. 4, 2009].
[23] Y.T. Tang. T.H.B. Deng. H. WQ. (2012, Aug). “Designing cropping systems for metal-contaminated sites”. Pedosphere. [On line]. 22 (4), pp 470–488. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(12)60032-0 [Jun. 22, 2012].
[24] X.Z. Hao. D.M. Zhou. D.Q. Huang. L. Cang. H.L. Zhanga. H. Wang. (2009, Jun). “Heavy Metal Transfer from Soil to Vegetable in Southern Jiangsu Province China.” Pedosphere. [On line]. 19(3), pp 305–311. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(09)60121-1 [May. 10, 2009].
[25] R.K. Sharma. M. Agrawal. M. Fiona. M. Sharma. (2008, Jul). “Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) contamination of vegetables in urban India: A case study in Varanasi”. Environmental Pollution. [On line]. 154 (2), pp 254-263. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.10.010 [Nov. 26, 2007].
[26] C. Gode. I. Decombeix. A. Kostecka. P. Wasowiez. M. Pauwels. A. Courseaux. P. Saumitou-Laprade. (2012, Feb). “Nuclear microsatellite loci for Arabidopsis halleri (Brasicaceae), a model species to study plant adaptation to heavy metals”. American jornal of Botany. [On line]. 99 (2), pp 49-52. Available. 10.3732/ajb.1100320 [Jan. 9, 2012].
[27] T. Kuboi. A. Noguchi. J. Yazaki. (1986, Oct). “Family-dependent cadmium accumulation in higher plants”. Plant and Soil. [On line]. 92 (3), pp 405–415. Available. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372488 [Aug. 15, 1985].
[28] P. Liu. H. Zhao. L. Wang. Z. Liu. J. Wei. Y. Wang. L. Jiang. L. Dong. Y. Zhang. (2011, Jan). “Analysis of Heavy Metal Sources for Vegetable Soils from Shandong Province,China”. Agricultural Sciences in China. [On line]. 10(1), 109-119. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60313-1 [Jan. 21, 2011].
[29] P. Kumar. V. Dushenkov. H. Motto. I. Raskin. (1995, May). “Phytoextraction:the use of plants to remove heavy metals from soils”. Environmental Science Technology. [On line]. 29 (5), pp 1232–1238. Available. https://doi.org 10.1021/es00005a014.
[30] E. Fediuc. S.H. Lips. L. Erdei. (2005, Aug). “O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase activity in Phragmitesand Typha plants under cadmium and NaCl stress conditions and the involvement of ABA in the stress response”. Journal of Plant Physiology. [On line]. 162 (8), pp 865-872. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2004.11.015 [March. 7, 2005].
[31] A.Vassilev. I. Yordanov. (1997, Jun). “Reductive analysis of factors limiting growth of cadmium-treated plants”. Journal Plant Physiology. [On line]. 23(3-4), pp 114-133. Available. www.bio21.bas.bg. [Nov. 20, 1997].
[32] J. Labanowski. J. Sebastia. E. Foy. A.G. Jongmans. I. Lamy. F. van Oort. (2007, Sep). “Fate of metal associated POM in a soil under arable land use contaminated by metallurgical fallout in northern France”. Environmental Pollution. [On line]. 149 (1), pp 59-69. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.12.019 [Feb. 7, 2007].
[33] G. Ouzounidou. H. A. Constantinidou. (1999, Nov). “Changes in growth and physiology of tobacco and cotton under Ag exposure and recovery: arethey of direct or indirect nature”. Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. [On line]. 37 (4), pp 480–487. Available. DOI: 10.1007/s002449900542 [Feb. 18, 1999].
[34] J.S. Weis. P. weis. (2004, Jul). “Metal uptake, transport and release by wetland plants: implications for phytoremediation and restoration”. Chemosphere. [On line]. 30 (5), pp 685-700. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2003.11.002 [Dec. 31, 2003].
[35] P.D.Alexander. (2006, Dec). “Genotypic variations in the accumulation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn exhibited by six commonly grown vegetables”. Envirmental pollution. [On line]. 144 (3), pp 601- 610. Available. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.001 [Apr. 27, 2006].
[36] M. Shahid. C. Dumat. J. Silvester. E. Pinelli. (2012, Aug). “Effect of fulvic acids on lead-induced oxidative stress to metal sensitive Vicia faba L.” plant. Biology and fertility of soils. [On line]. 48 (6), pp 689-697. Available. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-012-0662-9 [Feb. 1, 2012].
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2018-10-02
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Saadaoui, W., Mokrani, K., & Tarchoun, N. (2018). Assessment of Lead, Copper and Cadmium Tolerance by Four Vegetable Species. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 47(1), 76–87. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/1581
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