Genetic Ecotoxicology of Sarotherodon melanotheron from some Sénégal Hydrosystems Related to Level of Contamination by some Micropollutants
Keywords:
Genetic ecotoxicology, Sarotherodonmelanotheron, Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs), Polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDE), adaptatif polymorphism.Abstract
On the purpose to study the genetic ecotoxicology of Sarotherodon melanotheron, the degree of contamination due to two micropollutants (Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDE)) on seven sites (Foundiougne, Kaolack, Missirah, Koular, HannBay and Niayes (1 and 2) was evaluated. Seven systems (ADH, AAT, IDHP, MDH, PGM, GPI and EST) were analyzed through the technical of enzymatic electrophoresis. The specimens and sediments used for the proportioning pollutants were sampled into 2009.The analysis of indicator PCBs was carried out by gaseous chromatography coupled to a detector with capture of electrons (GC-DCE).
The analysis of the PBDE, was done by gaseous chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry high resolution (GC-MSHR). Highest concentrations of pollutants PCBs (19 ng/g) and PBDE (5 ng/g) were observed in Hann Bay. The analysis of allelic variability revealed an adaptive polymorphism at locus EST-14 and PGM at S. m. heudelotii; PGM at S. m. paludinosus. The presence of allele EST-14*110 in Hann Bay and weakest frequencies particularly of allele PGM*105 in populations of disturbed zones suggest her implication in the response to the undergone environmental stress. A negative correlation was observed between locus EST-14 and PBDE. The fast alleles from this locus (EST-14*110) could be selected against in populations living in contaminated environment.
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[3] C.H. Faunce. “Reproduction of blackchin tilapia Sarotherodonmelanotheron within an impounded mangrove ecosystem in east-central Florida.”Environmental Biology of Fishes, vol. 57, pp. 353-361, 2000.
[4] M. Legendre and J.M.Ecoutin.“Suitability of brackish water tilapia species from the Ivory Coast for lagoon aquaculture.I-Reproduction.”Aquatic Living Resources, vol. 2,pp. 71-79, 1989.
[5] G. Gourène, G.G. Teugel, B. Hugueny and Thys van den D.F.E. Audenaerde.“Evolution de la biodiversité ichtyologique d’un basin ouest africain après la construction d’un barrage.”Cybium, vol. 23, pp. 147-160, 1999.
[6] A.F Vanga. “Evolution de la pêche au lac d’Ayamé depuis l’expulsion des pêcheurs non nationaux (Côte d’Ivoire).”Tropicultura, vol. 29, pp. 8-13, 2011.
[7] B.J. Mc Andrew and K.C. Majumdar.“Tilapia stock identification using electrophoretic markers.”Aquaculture, vol. 30, pp. 249-261, 1983.
[8] A.B. Adépo-Gourène, L. Pouyaud and J.E. Agnèse. “Importance de certaines caractéristiques biologiques dans la structuration génétique des espèces de poissons : le cas de Ethmalosafimbriata et de Sarotherodonmelanotheron.”Journal Ivoirien d’Océanologie et de Limnologie, vol. 2, pp. 69-83, 1993.
[9] J.F. Agnèse and L. Pouyaud. “Différenciation génétique des populations de Sarotherodonmelanotheron”, Rüppell, 1852. In. AGNESE J. F (ed.) comptes rendus de l’atelier «Biodiversité et Aquaculture», Abidjan, 1994, 115p.
[10] L. Pouyaud.“Génétique des populations de tilapias d’intérêt aquacole en Afrique de l’Ouest. Relations phylogénétiques et structurations populationnelles.” Thèse de Doctorat, Université Monpellier II, Science et technique du Languedoc, 1994.
[11] A.B. Adépo-Gourène. “Diversité génétique des populations naturelles de poissons africains d’intérêt économique des familles Carcharhinidae, Clupeidae et Cichlidae.” Thèse de Doctorat d’Etat, Université d’Abobo-Adjamé (Côte d’Ivoire), 2008.
[12] A.N. Yoboué, A.B. Adépo-Gourène, J-F. Agnèse and R. Laë. “Diversité et structure génétique de sarotherodonmelanotheron(pisces:cichlidae) révélées par les microsatellites.”European Scientific Journal, vol. 10, pp. 299-311, 2014.
[13] F.B Pichler and C.S. Baker.“Loss of genetic diversity in the endemic hector’s dolphin due to fisheries-related mortality.”Proceeding Royal Society London, vol. 267, pp. 97-102, 2000.
[14] S. Larson, R. Jarmeson, M. Etnier, M. Fleming and P. Bentzen.“Loss of genetic diversity in sea otters (Enhydralutris) associated with the fur trade of the 18 th and 19 th centuries.”MolecularEcology, vol. 11, pp. 1899-1903, 2002.
[15] V. Larno. “Réponses génétiques et physiologiques de populations de chevaine (Leucisuscephalus) à la contamination chimique dans le bassin du Rhône.”Thèse de Doctorat, université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, 2004.
[16] A.R. Hughes and J.J. Stachowicz. “Genetic diversity enhances the resistance of a seagrass ecosystem to disturbance.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.101,pp. 8998-9002, 2004.
[17] N. Pasteur, G. Pasteur, F. Bonhomme, J. Catalan and J. Britton-Davidian.“PraticalIsozyme genetics.” Ellis Horwood Limited, 1988, 215p.
[18] J.B.Shaklee, F.W. Allendorf, D.C. Morizot and G.S.Whitt.“Gene nomenclature for protein-coding loci in fish.”Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 119,pp. 2-15, 1990.
[19] K. Belkhir, P. Borsa, G. Goudet, L. Chikhi and F. Bonhomme.“GENETIX (version 4.05.2) logiciel sur windows TM pour la génétique des populations.” Laboratoire Génome, Populations, Interactions, Adaptations, CNRS UMR 5000, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier (France), 2004.
[20]C. Dargnat and C. Fisson.“Les PolyChloroBiphényles (PCB) dans le bassin de la Seine et son estuaire.” Etude réalisée par le GIP Seine-Aval, 2010, 134 p.
[21]D. Ortelli and P. Edder. “Métaux et micropolluants organiques dans les eaux et sédiments du Léman.”Rapport de la Commission Internationale pour la Protection des eaux du Léman contre la pollution. Campagne 2007, 2008, pp. 57-84.
[22]G. Mariani, E. Caniti, J. Castro-Jimenez, E.H. Christophe, S.J. Eisenreich, , G. Hankeet al.. “Atmospheric input of POPS into Lake Maggiore (Norhern Italy): PBDE concentrations and profile in air, precipitation, settling material and sediments.”Chemosphere, vol. 73, pp. S114-S121, 2008.
[23] G. Maroni, J. Wise, J.E. Young and E. Otto.“Metallothionein gene duplications and metal tolerance in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster.”Genetics, vol. 117, pp. 739-744, 1987.
[24] D. Moraga, E. Mdelgi-Lasram, M.S. Romdhane, A.E. Abed, I. Boutet, A. Tanguy et al.. “Genetic responses to metal contamination in two clams: Ruditapes decussates and R. philippinarum.”Marine Environmental Research, vol. 54, pp. 521-525, 2002.
[25] T. Patarnello, R. “Guinez and B. Battaglia. Effects of pollution on heterozygosity in the barnacle Balanus Amphitrite (Cirripedia, Thoracicia).”Marine Ecology Progress series, vol. 70,pp. 237-243, 1991.
[26] E. Nevo, T. Perl, A. Beiles and D. Wool.“Mercury selection of allozyme genotypes in shrimps.”Experientia,vol. 37, pp. 1152-1154, 1981.
[27] E. Nevoand B. Lavie.“Differential variability of allelic isozymes in the marine gastropod Cerithiumscabridum exposed to the environmental stress of nonionic detergent and crude oil surfactant mixture.”Genetica, vol. 78, pp. 205-213, 1989.
[28] J.E. Thorpe, J.F. Koonce, D. Borgeson, B. Henderson, A. Lamsa, P.S Maitlanet al.“Assessing and managing man’s impact on fish genetics resources.”Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.38, pp. 1899-1905, 1981.
[29] M.H. Smith, M.W. Smith, S.C. Scott, E.H. Lice and J.C. Jones.“Rapid evolution in a post-thermal environment.”Copeia, vol. 1,pp. 193-197, 1983.
[30] E. Nevo, R. Ben-Shlomo and B. Lavie.“Mercury selection of allozymes in marine organisms: prediction and verification in nature.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.81, pp.1258-1259, 1984.
[31] R.B. Gillespie and S.I. Guttman.“Effects of contaminants on the frequencies of allozymes in populations of the central stoneroller.”Environmental Toxicology Chemistry, vol. 8, pp. 309-317, 1989.
[32] Y. Duan, S.I. Guttman, J.T. Oris and A.J. Bailer.“Differential survivorship among allozymes genotypes of Hyalellaazteca exposed to cadmium, zinc or low pH.”Aquatic Toxicology, 54 : 15-28, 2001.
[33] R.L. KOPP, T.E. WISSINGand S.I. GUTTMAN.“Genetic indicators of environmental tolerance among fish populations exposed to acid deposition.”Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, vol. 22, pp. 459-475, 1994.
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YOBOUE, A. N., KONAN, K. M., KONAN, K. T., BOUSSOU, K. C., ADEPO-GOURENE, A., & DURAND, J.-D. (2016). Genetic Ecotoxicology of Sarotherodon melanotheron from some Sénégal Hydrosystems Related to Level of Contamination by some Micropollutants. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 15(1), 109–121. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/1203
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