Food Borne Health Issues and Their Relevance to Pakistani Society
Keywords:
Foodborne illness, microbial contamination, unhygienic conditions, fresh produce, readymade food items.Abstract
Food borne illness is a common issue of Pakistan like other developing countries. They transmit either through microbial contamination or by chemicals exposure. Among them the microbial food borne outbreaks are of wide range and abundant. Most common pathogens are Campylobacter spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and norovirus. In addition to that, there are various routes of toxic chemicals exposure during food preparation, storage and handling due to over all unhygienic conditions and lack of awareness. As outcome, excluding some leading brands of readymade food items, consumers are bound to avail such contaminated victuals as fresh produce and also in prepared form. In the current review, it was noticed that an urgent sound mechanism is required at government and consumers level to check and control this serious food mishandling to avoid loss of food resources, potential and of national economy.
References
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[3]. I. A. Shiklomanov. Appraisal and Assessment of World Water Resources. Water International, vol. 25 (1), pp. 11–32, 2000.
[4]. S.W. Stine, I. Song, C. Y. Choi and C. P. Gerba. Application of Pesticide Sprays to Fresh Produce: A Risk Assessment for Hepatitis A and Salmonella. Food Environ Virol, vol. 3, pp. 86–91, 2011.
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[6]. E. Scallan, R.M. Hoekstra, F. J. Angulo, R. V. Tauxe, M.A. Widdowson, S. L. Roy, J. L. Jones and P. M. Griffi. Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States—Major Pathogens. Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 17 (1), pp. 7-15, 2011.
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[8] M. D. Kirk, I. McKay, G. V. Hall, C. B. Dalton, Russell Stafford,4 Leanne Unicomb,2 and Joy Gregory. Foodborne Disease in Australia: The OzFoodNet Experience Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008; 47:392–400
[9]. K. Dhama, A. K. Verma, S. Rajagunalan, A. Kumar, R. Tiwari, S. Chakraborty and R. Kumar. Listeria monocytogenes Infection in Poultry and its Public Health Importance with Special Reference to Food Borne Zoonoses. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 16 (7), pp. 301-308, 2013.
[10]. S. Rane. Street Vended Food in Developing World: Hazard Analyses. Indian J Microbiol, vol. 51(1), pp.100–106, 2011.
[11]. I. Hussaina, M. S. Mahmood, M. Akhtar and A. Khan. Prevalence of Campylobacter species in meat, milk and other food commodities in Pakistan. Food Microbiology, vol. 24, pp. 219–222, 2007.
[12]. P.T. Fowoyo. Microbiological assessment of air contamination of vended foods sold in the main market in Lokoja, Kogi state, Nigeria. Research journal of biological sciences, vol. 7 (9-12), pp. 355-360, 2012.
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[18]. A. Mankee, S. Ali, A. Chin, R. Indalsingh, R. Khan, M. R. Rahman, S. Sooknanan, R. Tota-Maharaj, D. Simeon and A.A. Adesiyun. Bacteriological Quality of doubles sold by street vendors in Trinidad and the attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of the public about its consumption and health risk. Food Microbiol, vol. 20, pp. 631–639, 2003.
[19]. R.J. Dawson and C. Canet. International activities in street foods. Food Control, vol. 2, 135–139, 1991.
[20]. I. Chakravarty, and C. Canet. Food, agriculture and nutrition. FAO corporate document repository, 1996.
[21]. N. Barro, A.R. Bello, S. Aly, C.M.T. Ouattara, A.J. IIboudo, and A.S. Traaore. Hygienic status assessment of dish washing waters, utensils, hands and pieces of money from street food processing sites in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Afr J Biotechnol, vol. 5(11), pp. 1107–1112, 2006.
[22]. L.S.R. Hutabarat. Street foods in Bangkok: the nutritional contribution and the contaminants content of street foods. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 1–179, 1994.
[23]. International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF) Microorganisms in foods. Microbiological specifications of food pathogens. Blackie Academic & Professional, London. 1996.
[24]. M. Krishnaswamy, J.D. Patel and N. Parthasarthy. Enumeration of microorganisms in spice and spice mixture. J Food Sci Technol, vol. 8, pp. 191–194, 1971.
[25]. E.M. Powers, T.G. Latt and T. Brown. Incidence and levels of Bacillus cereus in processed spices. J Milk Food Technol, vol. 39(10), pp. 668–671, 1976.
[26]. C. Zweifel and R. Stephan. Spices and herbs as source of Salmonella-related foodborne diseases. Food Research International, vol. 45, pp. 765–769, 2012.
[27]. L.R. Beuchat, C.F. Ann Ma-Lin and J.A. Carpenter. Growth of Bacillus cereus in media containing plant seed materials and ingredients used in Chinese cookery. J Appl Bacteriol, vol. 48, pp. 397–407, 1980.
[28]. F.M. Mosupye and A.V. Holy. Microbiological quality and safety of ready to-eat street-vended foods in Johannesburg, South Africa. J Food Prot, vol. 62, pp. 1278–1284, 1999.
[29]. M. Javed, U. Bacha, A. A. Anjum, A. A. Sheikh, A. Ahmad, F. Hussain and M. M. Salman. Assessment of Different Preservative Methods for Microbial Quality and Shelf Life of Chicken Meat. Journal of Infection and Molecular Biology, vol. 1 (3), pp. 38 – 40, 2013.
[30]. M. Kaul and G. Agarwal. Microbial load of common chat products. Indian J Nutr Diet , vol. 25, pp. 197–199, 1988.
[31]. P. Mensah, D.Y. Manu, K.O. Darko and A. Ablordey. Street foods in Accra, Ghana: how safe are they? Bull World Health Organ, vol. 80(7), pp. 546–554, 2002.
[32]. E. Cardinale, J.D. Claude, F. Tall, E.F. Gueye and G. Salvat. Risk factors for contamination of ready-to-eat street vended poultry dishes in Dakar, Senegal. Int J Food Microbiol, vol. 103, pp. 157–165, 2005.
[33]. M. I. Oyelola, I. O. Afolabi, O. T. Ajiboshin and I. O. Banjoko. Heavy metal and microbial contents of roadside roasted corn and plantain in Alimosho local government area of Lagos state, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Medical and Health Sciences, vol. 3(1), pp. 28-32, 2013.
[34]. O. Ohiokpehai. Nutritional aspects of street foods in Botswana. Pak J Nutr, vol. 2(2), pp. 76–81, 2003.
[35]. H.W. Gil, M. H. Jeong, J. S. Park, H.W. Choi, S.Y. Kim and S. Y. Hong. An Outbreak of Food Borne Illness Due to Methomyl Pesticide Intoxication in Korea. J Korean Med Sci, vol. 28, pp. 1677-1681, 2013.
[36]. S. Y. Tsai, H. Y. Chou, H. W. The, C. M. Chen, C. J. Chen. The effects of chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water on the neurobehavioral development in adolescence. Neurotoxicology, vol. 24(4–5), pp. 747–753, 2003.
[37]. M. Asif, S. H. Ansari, M. R. Haque and N. Kalam. Standardization and contamination studies on nutagalls of Quercus infectoria olivier, International research journal of pharmacy, vol. 3 (8), pp. 149-152, 2012.
[38]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Wholesomeness of irradiated food. Rome, Italy: Author, 1977.
[39]. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Radiation preservation of food; proceedings of a symposium jointly organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Vienna, Austria: Author [Distributed in the U.S. by UNIPUB, Inc., NewYork], 1973.
[40]. World Health Organization. Food irradiation: A technique for preserving and improving the safety of food. Geneva: Author, 1988.
[41]. World Health Organization. Safety and nutritional adequacy of irradiated food. Geneva: Author, 1994.
[42]. World Health Organization. High dose irradiation: Wholesomeness of food irradiated with doses above 10 kgy. Geneva: Author, 1999.
[43]. United States Government Accountability Office, 2010. Food Irradiation: FDA Could Improve Its Documentation and Communication of Key Decisions on Food Irradiation Petitions. Retrieved November 7, 2012, from http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-10-309R
[44]. O. V. Crowley, J. Marquette, D. Reddy and R. Fleming. Factors predicting likelihood of eating irradiated meat. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, vol. 43, pp. 95–105, 2013.
[45]. G.L. Fleming, K. Broad, A. Clement, E. Dewailly, S. Elmir, A. Knap, S. A. Pomponi, S. Smith, H. Solo-Gabriele and P. Walsh. Oceans and human health: Emerging public health risks in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 53, pp. 545–560, 2006.
[46]. S. De Mora, S.W. Fowler, E. Wyse and S. Azemard. Distribution of heavy metals in marine bivalves, fish and coastal sediments in the Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 49, pp. 410–424, 2004.
[47]. Integrated Risk Information System. Washington: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2008 Available from: http://www.epa.gov/iris. Accessed on July 15, 2010.
[48]. B. Mepham. Food additives: an ethical evaluation. British Medical Bulletin, vol. 99, pp. 7–23, 2011.
[49]. E. Millstone and T. Lang. Food additives. In: The Atlas of Food, 2nd ed. London: Earth scan, 2008, pp. 90–1.
[50]. N. Saleem, Z. Umar and S. I., Khan. Survey on the use of synthetic food colors in food samples procured from different educational institutes of Karachi city. Journal of tropical life science, vol. 3 (1), pp. 1 – 7, 2013.
[51]. WHO. Health surveillance and management procedures for food handling personnel. WHO technical report series, 785.WHO, Geneva, pp. 52, 1989.
[52]. A.H. Havelaar, J. A. Haagsma, M. J. Mangen, J. M. Kemmeren, L. P.B. Verhoef, S.M.C. Vijgen, M. Wilson, I.H.M. Friesema, L. M. Kortbeek , Y.T.H.P. V. Duynhoven, and W.V. Pelt. Disease burden of foodborne pathogens in the 2009 Netherlands. International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol. 156, pp. 231–238, 2012.
[53]. A.A. Adesiyun, and V. Balbirsingh. Microbiological analysis of ‘black pudding’, a Trinidadian delicacy and health risk to consumers. Int J Food Microbiol, vol. 31, pp. 283–299, 1996.
[54]. F.L. Bryan, M.F. Saddik, and M.R. El-Sherbeeny. Microbiological profiles of Egyptian raw vegetables and salads. J Food Prot, vol. 48, pp. 883–886, 1985.
[55]. M.R. El-Sherbeeny, M.F. Saddik, and F.L. Bryan. Microbiological profile and storage temperatures of Egyptian rice dishes. J Food Prot, vol. 48, pp. 39–43, 1985.
[56]. M.F. Saddik, M.R. El-Sherbeeny and F.L. Bryan. Microbiological profiles of foods sold by street vendors in Egypt. Int J Food Microbiol, vol. 2, pp. 355–364, 1985.
[57]. F.L. Bryan, P. Teufel, S. Riaz, S. Roohi, F. Qadar, and Z. Malik. Hazards and critical control points of street-vended chat, a regionally popular food in Pakistan. J Food Prot, vol. 55, pp. 708–713, 1992.
[58]. P. Teufel, F.L. Bryan, S. Riaz, S. Roohi, F. Qadar and Z. Malik. Hazards and critical control points of street-vending operations in a mountain resort town in Pakistan. J Food Prot, vol. 55, pp.701–707, 1992.
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2016-12-18
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Javed, A. (2016). Food Borne Health Issues and Their Relevance to Pakistani Society. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 26(4), 235–251. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/2442
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