Role Played by Imported Constitutions in Promoting Intra Conflicts in Africa
Keywords:
Constitution, Constitutionalism, Conflict in AfricaAbstract
This paper provides an overview of role played by imported constitutions in promoting intra conflicts in Africa. The paper is grounded on the assumption that African people had their way of leadership where by most of the inhabitants of the land where royal too and would have been the keystone to democratic transition in case of it being evoked than implementation of the imported constitutions that spark off conflict to a great extent due to lack of ownership of these constitutions by the ruled. Paper will highlight the evolution of conflicts, its form and nature in Africa, and also illustrate the presumed causes to these conflicts in Africa by clearly showing a distinction between constitution and constitutionalism practices in the African context. Furthermore the paper will practically illustrate the case study of the Uganda’s constitution of 1995 that clearly demonstrate how incompatible the constitutions are vis-à-vis the expected cultural norm of the inhabitants in the area, then conclusive remark as the conclusion stating way forward as derived from the general discussion in the paper.
References
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[31] Senghor and Leopold. "Negritude and African socialism," in St. Anthony's Papers No. 15. Edited by K. Kirkwood, pg. 16-22. London: Oxford University Press, 1963
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[33] C. Tilly. The Politics of Collective Violence, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
[33] K .Semakula, History of Buganda: From the Foundation of the Kingdom To 1900. Africana Press, 1972. ISBN 0841901147. OCLC 309354.
[34] H. Buhaug,. “Relative Capability and Rebel Objective in Civil War.” Journal of Peace Research 43(6): 691, 2006
[35] E. J. Hobsbawm,. Primitive Rebels; Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the 19th and 20th Centuries. New ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1971.
[36] F. Slabbert, , Van zyl and D. Welsh, South Africa's Options Strategies for Sharing Power. Cape Town David Philip, 1979.
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[2] O. Edevbie, "Niger Delta Crisis, False Allegation by the ifsekiri Survival Movement of Urhobo attack on Ishekiri. "The Guardian Newspaper, June 21, 1999.
[3] E. Osaghae, Ethnicity and Its Management in Africa., The Democratization Link. CASS Occasional Monograph, No. 2, Malthouse Press, 1994.
[4] C .Shaneson.'. A. Rebushka, & K A. Shepsle. politics in Plural Societies, A Theory of Democratic Instability. Columbus; Charles E Merrill, 1972.
[5] D.Rothchild, and V. A Olownsola. "Managing Competing State and Conflict Claims" in their ed. State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas. Boulder. Westview, 1983
[6] Diouf, M. (1990) "Overview of the Senegalese Situation" in ACARTSOD, Ethnicity Citizenship. Stability and Socio Economic Development in Africa
[7] Nkundabagagezi., and Felix,. Ethnicity and intra state conflict Type, Causes and peace Strategies-A survey of Sub-Saharan Africa, Ndikum. N.C., (ed), Facing Origins of ethenic conflict, 1999[8].
[8] Job and Brian, “The Insecurity Dilemma: Theory and Practice”, in Brian L. Job, ed. The Insecurity Dilemma. National Security of Third World States. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1992
[9] David A.Lake and Donald Rothchild; Containing Fear. The Origin and management of ethnic conflict, In Michael E., & Brown., & Owen R Cote., & Jr, Sean M,. & Lynn-Jones.,& Stephen .E. miller., (ed) 1997; Nationalism an ethnic conflict Cambridge MA London England; The MIT Press 97-131,1997
[10] Miguel, Edward.. “Tribe or nation? Nation building and public goods in Kenya versus Tanzania.” World Politics 56(3), 2004, p.327-362
[10] Leo, Christopher. “Land and Class in Kenya.” Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984
[11] Waki and N. Philip. “Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Post Election Violence (CIPEV).” Nairobi: The Government Printer, 2008
[12] H. Russell, One for all; The logico g Group Conflict. Princeton. N.J; Princeton press. 1994 [2].
[13] Ayoob and Mohammed, “The Security Predicament of The Third World State: Reflections on State Making in a Comparative Perspective”, in Brian L. Job, ed. The Insecurity Dilemma. National Security of Third World States. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1992
[14] Stedman, Stephen J. Spoiler, Problems in Peace Processes. International Security 22 (2), 1997, p. 5–53.
[15] Alec Stone Sweet & Kathleen Stranz, Rights Adjudication and Constitutional Pluralism in Germany and Europe, 19 J. Eur. Pub. Pol’y 92, 2011
[16] Walter, Barbara, Committing to Peace: The Successful Settlement of Civil Wars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton, 2002
[16] Kanyinga, Karuti,. “The Legacy of the White Highlands: Land Rights, Ethnicity and the Post-2007 Election Violence in Kenya”. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 27 (3): 325-344, 2009
[17] J. M. Nyasani,. The african psyche. Nairobi: University of Nairobi and Theological Printing Press Ltd, 1997.
[18] S.Sweet, The structure of constitutional pluralism: Review of Nico Krisch, Beyond Constitutionalism: The Pluralist Structure of Post-National Law, Oxford University Press and New York University School of Law, 2003
[19] Ole Waever, Barry Buzan, Morton Kelstrup, and Pierre Lemaitre, Identity, Migration and the New Security Agenda in Europe, London, Pinter, 1993, p. 25.
[20] Nizar Messari, “The State and Dilemmas of Security: the Middle East and the Balkans”, Security Dialogue, Vol. 33, No. 4 (December 2002), p. 417.
[21] David J. Deng., & David K. Deng., & Vanessa Jimenez., Identity, Diversity and Constitutionalism in Africa Endowment of the United states Institute of Peace, Comparative Purview of African Constitutionalism, Washington, 2008, p. 17-20
[22] Donnelly and Jack Universal human rights in theory and practice (2nd ed. ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 138, 2003, ISBN 978-0-8014-8776-7
[23] L. S. Wunsch, "Beyond the Failure of the Centralized State; Toward Self Governance and an Alternative Institutional Paradigm in Wunsch, I and Olowu, D. (ed) The Failure of the Centralized States: Institution's and Mason, David, and Madhav Joshi. Balance of Power , Size of Governing Coalition and Durability of Peace in the Post-Civil War States. Paper presented at the International Studies Association Annual Convention, New Orleans, 2010
[24] Barongo, Y. (1989) "Ethnic Pluralism and Political Centralisation: The Basin of conflict, in K Rupseinghe ed. Conflict Resolution in Uganda (Oslor International Peace Research Institute and James Cuney).
[25] R. Melson, & H. Wolpe, "Modernisation and the Politics of Communalism. A Theoretical Perspective, "American Political Science Review, Vol. 64, No. 4,1970.
[26] K. Rupsinghe. "internal Conflicts and their Resolution: The case of Uganda" in his ed (Conflict Resolution in Uganda, Oslo IPR), 1989
[27] N. Chazan,. An Anatomy of Ghanaian Politics: Managing Political Recession 1969-1982 Boulder Westview Press ,1983
[28] A. Mazrui, Ali and M. Alamin Mazrui.. Swahili state and society: The political economy of an African language. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers, 1995
[29] M. I . Lichbach,.. The Rebel's Dilemma. University of Michigan Press, 1995.
[30] P. M. Mutibwa,. African heritage and the new Africa. Kampala, Nairobi and Dar es Salaam: East African Literature Bureau, 1977.
[31] Senghor and Leopold. "Negritude and African socialism," in St. Anthony's Papers No. 15. Edited by K. Kirkwood, pg. 16-22. London: Oxford University Press, 1963
[32] Agyeman, I.D.F. (1992) "Over: and Covert Ethnic Conflicts in the Distribution of Economic and Political Power in Ghana" CODESRIA Seminar on Ethnic Conflicts.
[33] C. Tilly. The Politics of Collective Violence, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
[33] K .Semakula, History of Buganda: From the Foundation of the Kingdom To 1900. Africana Press, 1972. ISBN 0841901147. OCLC 309354.
[34] H. Buhaug,. “Relative Capability and Rebel Objective in Civil War.” Journal of Peace Research 43(6): 691, 2006
[35] E. J. Hobsbawm,. Primitive Rebels; Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the 19th and 20th Centuries. New ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1971.
[36] F. Slabbert, , Van zyl and D. Welsh, South Africa's Options Strategies for Sharing Power. Cape Town David Philip, 1979.
[37] Stewart and Frances. “Horizontal Inequalities: A Neglected Dimension of Development”, QEH Working Paper Number 812002
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2013-06-17
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Kabanda, U. (2013). Role Played by Imported Constitutions in Promoting Intra Conflicts in Africa. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 4(1), 33–49. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/511
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