Recovery of Zn2+, Fe2+ and Mn2+ from Some Selected Edible Vegetables and Pumpkin using Modified Maize Cobs
Keywords:
Pre-concentration, Supplements, Modification, Food stuffs.Abstract
This study reports on the pre-concentration of some essential trace elements from vegetables using modified maize cobs by sorption. This was enabled by some functional groups anchored within the chemical structure of the material. Modification was achieved by treating the dry powdered material with thionylchloride (SOCl2) which was dispersed in dimethylformaldehyde (DMF) then reacting with ethylenediamine air drying the resultant for 24 hours. The presence of the anchored group was confirmed by FT-IR and it was used for Batch sorption experiments. The effect of pH, concentration, and dosage on the adsorption of zinc, iron and manganese ion by the parent and modified materials were carried out. Using the optimal parameters, the modified material was used for the pre-concentration of the trace metal ions from solutions of some selected vegetables samples. Pre-concentration of nutrients from fermented samples showed significantly high levels than non-fermented samples. This new method of pre-concentrating metal ions shows promising results and can improve the nutrition value in the preparation of dietary supplements. The method is effective and is of low cost.
References
S. Ragaee and E. S. M. Abdel-Aal, ‘Pasting properties of starch and protein in selected cereals and quality of their food products’, Food Chem., vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 9–18, 2006.
C. Hotz and R. S. Gibson, ‘Traditional food-processing and preparation practices to enhance the bioavailability of micronutrients in plant-based diets.’, J. Nutr., vol. 137, no. 4, pp. 1097–1100, 2007.
M. Tuzen, M. Soylak, and L. Elci, ‘Multi-element pre-concentration of heavy metal ions by solid phase extraction on Chromosorb 108’, Anal. Chim. Acta, vol. 548, no. 1–2, pp. 101–108, 2005.
D. Lo and R. A. Budiman, ‘Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Anodic Alumina Films from Impure Aluminum Foils’, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 154, no. 1, p. C60, 2007.
U. Divrikli, A. A. Kartal, M. Soylak, and L. Elci, ‘Preconcentration of Pb(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions in environmental samples by membrane filtration prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations’, J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 145, no. 3, pp. 459–464, 2007.
D. Karadag, ‘Modeling the mechanism, equilibrium and kinetics for the adsorption of Acid Orange 8 onto surfactant-modified clinoptilolite: The application of nonlinear regression analysis’, Dye. Pigment., vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 659–664, 2007.
A. Baysal, N. Tokman, and S. Akman, ‘The use of solid-phase extraction and direct injection of a copolymer sorbent as slurry into the graphite furnace prior to determination of cadmium by ETAAS’, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 141–150, 2008.
A. Aeisyah, M. H. S. Ismail, K. Lias, and S. Izhar, ‘Adsorption process of heavy metals by low-cost adsorbent: A review’, Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, vol. 18, no. 4. 2014.
E. Bernardo, E. Bonomo, and A. Dattoli, ‘Optimisation of sintered glass-ceramics from an industrial waste glass’, Ceram. Int., vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 1675–1680, 2010.
A. Sari and M. Tuzen, ‘Biosorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution using green alga (Ulva lactuca) biomass’, J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 152, no. 1, pp. 302–308, 2008.
Q. Liu, S. Wang, Y. Zheng, Z. Luo, and K. Cen, ‘Mechanism study of wood lignin pyrolysis by using TG-FTIR analysis’, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 170–177, 2008.
S. Y. Oh, D. Il Yoo, Y. Shin, and G. Seo, ‘FTIR analysis of cellulose treated with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide’, Carbohydr. Res., vol. 340, no. 3, pp. 417–428, 2005.
C. E. L. Pasquali and H. Herrera, ‘Pyrolysis of lignin and IR analysis of residues’, Thermochim. Acta, vol. 293, no. 1–2, pp. 39–46, 1997.
S. Y. Oh et al., ‘Crystalline structure analysis of cellulose treated with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide by means of X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy’, Carbohydr. Res., vol. 340, no. 15, pp. 2376–2391, 2005.
J. G. Gwon, S. Y. Lee, G. H. Doh, and J. H. Kim, ‘Characterization of chemically modified wood fibers using FTIR spectroscopy for biocomposites’, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 116, no. 6, pp. 3212–3219, 2010.
R. P. de Carvalho, K.-H. Chong, and B. Volesky, ‘Evaluation of the Cd, Cu, and Zn Biosorption in Two-Metal Systems Using an Algal Biosorbent’, Biotechnol. Prog., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 39–44, 1995.
M. Yang et al., ‘Dynamics and couplings of N-H stretching excitations of guanosine-cytidine base pairs in solution’, J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 115, no. 18, pp. 5484–5492, 2011.
H. Kandori, ‘Polarized FTIR spectroscopy distinguishes peptide backbone changes in the M and N photointermediates of bacteriorhodopsin’, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 120, no. 18. pp. 4546–4547, 1998.
H. Demiral, I. Demiral, F. Tümsek, and B. Karabacakoǧlu, ‘Adsorption of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution by activated carbon derived from olive bagasse and applicability of different adsorption models’, Chem. Eng. J., vol. 144, no. 2, pp. 188–196, 2008.
P. J. M. Carrott, M. M. L. R. Carrott, J. M. V. Nabais, and J. P. P. Ramalho, ‘Influence of surface ionization on the adsorption of aqueous zinc species by activated carbons’, Carbon N. Y., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 403–410, 1997.
C. Lu and H. Chiu, ‘Adsorption of zinc(II) from water with purified carbon nanotubes’, Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1138–1145, 2006.
S. E. Bailey, T. J. Olin, R. M. Bricka, and D. D. Adrian, ‘A review of potentially low-cost sorbents for heavy metals’, Water Research, vol. 33, no. 11. pp. 2469–2479, 1999.
R. K. Gautam, A. Mudhoo, G. Lofrano, and M. C. Chattopadhyaya, ‘Biomass-derived biosorbents for metal ions sequestration: Adsorbent modification and activation methods and adsorbent regeneration’, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 239–259, 2014.
Y. Li and N. Gu, ‘Thermodynamics of charged nanoparticle adsorption on charge-neutral membranes: A simulation study’, J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 114, no. 8, pp. 2749–2754, 2010.
A. Roy and J. Bhattacharya, ‘Removal of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) from water using microwave-assisted synthesized maghemite nanotubes’, Chem. Eng. J., vol. 211–212, pp. 493–500, 2012.
G. Moussavi and B. Barikbin, ‘Biosorption of chromium(VI) from industrial wastewater onto pistachio hull waste biomass’, Chem. Eng. J., vol. 162, no. 3, pp. 893–900, 2010.
A. Ahmadpour, M. Zabihi, M. Tahmasbi, and T. R. Bastami, ‘Effect of adsorbents and chemical treatments on the removal of strontium from aqueous solutions’, J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 182, no. 1–3, pp. 552–556, 2010.
C. Y. Yin, M. K. Aroua, and W. M. A. W. Daud, ‘Review of modifications of activated carbon for enhancing contaminant uptakes from aqueous solutions’, Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 52, no. 3. pp. 403–415, 2007.
L. Norton, K. Baskaran, and T. McKenzie, ‘Biosorption of zinc from aqueous solutions using biosolids’, Adv. Environ. Res., vol. 8, no. 3–4, pp. 629–635, 2004.
Y. Nuhoglu and E. Malkoc, ‘Thermodynamic and kinetic studies for environmentaly friendly Ni(II) biosorption using waste pomace of olive oil factory’, Bioresour. Technol., vol. 100, no. 8, pp. 2375–2380, 2009.
G. Skodras, I. Diamantopoulou, G. Pantoleontos, and G. P. Sakellaropoulos, ‘Kinetic studies of elemental mercury adsorption in activated carbon fixed bed reactor’, J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 158, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2008.
D. S. Bhargava and S. B. Sheldarkar, ‘Use of TNSAC in phosphate adsorption studies and relationships. Effects of adsorption operating variables and related relationships’, Water Res., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 313–324, 1993.
a. El Nemr, a. El Sikaily, a. Khaled, and O. Abdelwahab, ‘Removal of toxic chromium(VI) from aqueous solution by activated carbon using Casuarina equisetifolia’, Chem. Ecol., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 119–129, 2007.
G. Dönmez and Z. Aksu, ‘Removal of chromium(VI) from saline wastewaters by Dunaliella species’, Process Biochem., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 751–762, 2002.
N. R. Bishnoi, R. Kumar, S. Kumar, and S. Rani, ‘Biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution using algal biomass spirogyra spp.’, J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 145, no. 1–2, pp. 142–147, 2007.
A. Saeed, M. Sharif, and M. Iqbal, ‘Application potential of grapefruit peel as dye sorbent: Kinetics, equilibrium and mechanism of crystal violet adsorption’, J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 179, no. 1–3, pp. 564–572, 2010.
M. S. Shafeeyan, W. M. A. W. Daud, A. Houshmand, and A. Shamiri, ‘A review on surface modification of activated carbon for carbon dioxide adsorption’, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 89, no. 2. pp. 143–151, 2010.
D. Ociński, I. Jacukowicz-Sobala, P. Mazur, J. Raczyk, and E. Kociołek-Balawejder, ‘Water treatment residuals containing iron and manganese oxides for arsenic removal from water - Characterization of physicochemical properties and adsorption studies’, Chem. Eng. J., vol. 294, pp. 210–221, 2016.
N. Feng, X. Guo, S. Liang, Y. Zhu, and J. Liu, ‘Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by chemically modified orange peel’, J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 185, no. 1, pp. 49–54, 2011.
A. García-Mendieta, M. T. Olguín, and M. Solache-Ríos, ‘Biosorption properties of green tomato husk (Physalis philadelphica Lam) for iron, manganese and iron-manganese from aqueous systems’, Desalination, vol. 284, pp. 167–174, 2012.
A. Abdolali, W. S. Guo, H. H. Ngo, S. S. Chen, N. C. Nguyen, and K. L. Tung, ‘Typical lignocellulosic wastes and by-products for biosorption process in water and wastewater treatment: A critical review’, Bioresour. Technol., vol. 160, pp. 57–66, 2014.
V. . K. Garg, R. Gupta, A. B. Yadav, R. Kumar, A. Bala Yadav, and R. Kumar, ‘Dye removal from aqueous solution by adsorption on treated sawdust’, Bioresour. Technol., vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 121–124, 2003.
M. P. Pons and M. C. Fusté, ‘Uranium uptake by immobilized cells of Pseudomonas strain EPS 5028’, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 39, no. 4–5, pp. 661–665, 1993.
S. H. Schaafsma, P. Vonk, P. Segers, and N. W. F. Kossen, ‘Description of agglomerate growth’, Powder Technol., vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 183–190, 1998.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.
