Biological Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles and Assessment of Their Antimicrobial Properties

Authors

  • Bahig El-Deeb Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
  • Abdullah Al-Talhi Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Taif University, Taif, KSA
  • Nasser Mostafa Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Taif University, Taif, KSA
  • Rawan Abou-assy Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Taif University, Taif, KSA

Keywords:

Selenium nanoparticles, Antimicrobial effect, MIC, 16s rRNA, Antibiofilm, Transmission electron microscope, X-ray, FTIR analysis.

Abstract

Biological synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using microorganisms has received profound interest because of their potential to synthesize nanoparticles of various size, shape and morphology. In the current study, 206 selenium resistant bacterial isolates were isolated from 18 samples from different environmental sources of Saudi Arabia. Among These isolates, bacterial strain BGRW was selected on the basis of its ability to produce stable extra/intracellular SeNPs. Molecular characterization of this isolate indicated that BGRW strain  belongs to the Providencia vermicola. BGRW was found to be highly resistant to selenium dioxide up to 20 mM.The biosynthesis of SeNPs was monitored by UV–Visible spectrum that showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 295 nm. Further characterization of synthesized SeNPs was carried out using the XRD, TEM and FTIR spectroscopy. TEM and XRD analysis revealed that the SeNPs synthesized by BGRW was hexagonal in shape with a size range of ?3 to 50 nm with average 28nm. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of proteins as the stabilizing agent surrounding the nanoparticles. In the present study six antibiotics were investigated to explore their synergistic effect when combined with SeNPs against various pathogenic. All tested antibiotics showed synergistic inhibition against a growth of the pathogenic bacteria. The biocide actions of SeNPs on Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens were studied using SEM. The results showed damage, blebs, fusion, clumps and randomly distribution in the cell wall of the tested microbes resulting the death of cells.

The MIC 90 of SeNPs was 10?g/mL, 15?g/mL and 20?g/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli respectively. The effect of SeNPs on the prevention and removing of biofilm were also studied, the antibiofilm concentration of SeNPs was 12?g/mL against Salmonella enteritidis and B. cereus, 16?g/mL against S. aureus and E. coli while the antibiofilm concentration was 18?g/mL against Proteus sp. and Peudomonas aeruginosa. Although the biogenic SeNPs had antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects, they did not show significant ability to remove the established biofilm up to 32?g/mL. The concentration of 24?g/mL showed a slight effect on removing the established biofilm. The antibiofilm effect of the combination of SeNPs with amoxicillin was investigated against six bacterial biofilms and result show a synergistic effect at a lower than the antibiotic or SeNPs minimum antibiofilm concentrations.

Author Biography

Bahig El-Deeb, Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

 

 

References

[1] W. Wang, D. Cheng, F. Gong, X. Miao, and X. Shuai, "Design of Multifunctional Micelle for Tumor?Targeted Intracellular Drug Release and Fluorescent Imaging," Advanced Materials, vol. 24, pp. 115-120, 2012.
[2] U. K. Parashar, P. S. Saxena, and A. Srivastava, "Bioinspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles," Digest Journal of Nanomaterials & Biostructures (DJNB), vol. 4, 2009.
[3] P. Mohanpuria, N. K. Rana, and S. K. Yadav, "Biosynthesis of nanoparticles: technological concepts and future applications," Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol. 10, pp. 507-517, 2008.
[4] N. Krumov, I. Perner?Nochta, S. Oder, V. Gotcheva, A. Angelov, and C. Posten, "Production of inorganic nanoparticles by microorganisms," Chemical engineering & technology, vol. 32, pp. 1026-1035, 2009.
[5] J. Y. Kim, F. E. Osterloh, H. Hiramatsu, R. Dumas, and K. Liu, "Synthesis and real-time magnetic manipulation of a biaxial superparamagnetic colloid," The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 109, pp. 11151-11157, 2005.
[6] Z. Li and Y. Du, "Biomimic synthesis of CdS nanoparticles with enhanced luminescence," Materials Letters, vol. 57, pp. 2480-2484, 2003.
[7] T. Schlorf, M. Meincke, E. Kossel, C.-C. Glüer, O. Jansen, and R. Mentlein, "Biological properties of iron oxide nanoparticles for cellular and molecular magnetic resonance imaging," International journal of molecular sciences, vol. 12, pp. 12-23, 2010.
[8] F. M. Fordyce, Selenium deficiency and toxicity in the environment: Springer, 2013.
[9] D. N. Cox and K. Bastiaans, "Understanding Australian consumers’ perceptions of selenium and motivations to consume selenium enriched foods," Food Quality and Preference, vol. 18, pp. 66-76, 2007.
[10] N. V. Ralston, C. R. Ralston, J. L. Blackwell, and L. J. Raymond, "Dietary and tissue selenium in relation to methylmercury toxicity," Neurotoxicology, vol. 29, pp. 802-811, 2008.
[11] P. Craig and W. Maher, "10 Organoselenium Compounds in the Environment," Organometallic Compounds in the Environment, p. 391, 2003.
[12] L. Wu, "Review of 15 years of research on ecotoxicology and remediation of land contaminated by agricultural drainage sediment rich in selenium," Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, vol. 57, pp. 257-269, 2004.
[13] C. Ip, H. J. Thompson, Z. Zhu, and H. E. Ganther, "In vitro and in vivo studies of methylseleninic acid: evidence that a monomethylated selenium metabolite is critical for cancer chemoprevention," Cancer research, vol. 60, pp. 2882-2886, 2000.
[14] S. MILLER, S. W. WALKER, J. R. ARTHUR, F. NICOL, K. PICKARD, M. H. LEWIN, et al., "Selenite protects human endothelial cells from oxidative damage and induces thioredoxin reductase," Clinical science, vol. 100, pp. 543-550, 2001.
[15] B. Langi, C. Shah, K. Singh, A. Chaskar, M. Kumar, and P. N. Bajaj, "Ionic liquid-induced synthesis of selenium nanoparticles," Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 45, pp. 668-671, 2010.
[16] K. N. Thakkar, S. S. Mhatre, and R. Y. Parikh, "Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles," Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, vol. 6, pp. 257-262, 2010.
[17] S. Magdassi, M. Grouchko, and A. Kamyshny, "Copper nanoparticles for printed electronics: routes towards achieving oxidation stability," Materials, vol. 3, pp. 4626-4638, 2010.
[18] J. W. Doran, "Microorganisms and the biological cycling of selenium," in Advances in microbial ecology, ed: Springer, 1982, pp. 1-32.
[19] H. DeMoll-Decker and J. M. Macy, "The periplasmic nitrite reductase of Thauera selenatis may catalyze the reduction of selenite to elemental selenium," Archives of microbiology, vol. 160, pp. 241-247, 1993.
[20] W. J. Hunter and L. D. Kuykendall, "Identification and characterization of an Aeromonas salmonicida (syn Haemophilus piscium) strain that reduces selenite to elemental red selenium," Current microbiology, vol. 52, pp. 305-309, 2006.
[21] J. Kessi, "Enzymic systems proposed to be involved in the dissimilatory reduction of selenite in the purple non-sulfur bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodobacter capsulatus," Microbiology, vol. 152, pp. 731-743, 2006.
[22] W. J. Hunter and L. D. Kuykendall, "Reduction of selenite to elemental red selenium by Rhizobium sp. strain B1," Current microbiology, vol. 55, pp. 344-349, 2007.
[23] P. Antonioli, S. Lampis, I. Chesini, G. Vallini, S. Rinalducci, L. Zolla, et al., "Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SeITE02, a new bacterial strain suitable for bioremediation of selenite-contaminated environmental matrices," Applied and environmental microbiology, vol. 73, pp. 6854-6863, 2007.
[24] W. J. Hunter and D. K. Manter, "Reduction of selenite to elemental red selenium by Pseudomonas sp. strain CA5," Current microbiology, vol. 58, pp. 493-498, 2009.
[25] M. Bajaj, S. Schmidt, and J. Winter, "Formation of Se (0) Nanoparticles by Duganella sp. and Agrobacterium sp. isolated from Se-laden soil of North-East Punjab, India," Microbial cell factories, vol. 11, p. 1, 2012.
[26] S. He, Z. Guo, Y. Zhang, S. Zhang, J. Wang, and N. Gu, "Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using the bacteria Rhodopseudomonas capsulata," Materials Letters, vol. 61, pp. 3984-3987, 2007.
[27] M. Gericke and A. Pinches, "Microbial production of gold nanoparticles," Gold bulletin, vol. 39, pp. 22-28, 2006.
[28] Y. Nangia, N. Wangoo, N. Goyal, G. Shekhawat, and C. R. Suri, "Microbial cell factories Volume: 8 ISSN: 1475-2859 ISO Abbreviation: Microb. Cell Fact. Publication Date: 2009," Detail:.
[29] K. B. Narayanan and N. Sakthivel, "Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles by microbes," Advances in colloid and interface science, vol. 156, pp. 1-13, 2010.
[30] P. Sonkusre, R. Nanduri, P. Gupta, and S. S. Cameotra, "Improved extraction of intracellular biogenic selenium nanoparticles and their specificity for cancer chemoprevention," Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology, vol. 2014, 2014.
[31] S. Lampis, E. Zonaro, C. Bertolini, P. Bernardi, C. S. Butler, and G. Vallini, "Delayed formation of zero-valent selenium nanoparticles by Bacillus mycoides SeITE01 as a consequence of selenite reduction under aerobic conditions," Microbial cell factories, vol. 13, p. 1, 2014.
[32] G. M. Khiralla and B. A. El-Deeb, "Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of selenium nanoparticles on some foodborne pathogens," LWT-Food Science and Technology, vol. 63, pp. 1001-1007, 2015.
[33] T. Mennini, "Elemental selenium nanoparticles with reduced toxicity," Nutrafoods, vol. 11, pp. N25-N26, 2012.
[34] P. A. Tran and T. J. Webster, "Selenium nanoparticles inhibit Staphylococcus aureus growth," Int J Nanomedicine, vol. 6, pp. 1553-1558, 2011.
[35] J. Yang, K. Huang, S. Qin, X. Wu, Z. Zhao, and F. Chen, "Antibacterial action of selenium-enriched probiotics against pathogenic Escherichia coli," Digestive diseases and sciences, vol. 54, pp. 246-254, 2009.
[36] N. Singh, P. Saha, K. Rajkumar, and J. Abraham, "Biosynthesis of silver and selenium nanoparticles by Bacillus sp. JAPSK2 and evaluation of antimicrobial activity," Der Pharm Lett, vol. 6, pp. 175-181, 2014.
[37] K. Alquthami, "Antibacterial effect of selenium, germanium, and lithium on clinically important bacteria growing in planktonic culture and biofilms: some medical implications," University of Sheffield, 2012.
[38] E. Kheradmand, F. Rafii, M. H. Yazdi, A. A. Sepahi, A. R. Shahverdi, and M. R. Oveisi, "The antimicrobial effects of selenium nanoparticle-enriched probiotics and their fermented broth against Candida albicans," DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 22, p. 48, 2014.
[39] Z. B. Kazempour, M. H. Yazdi, F. Rafii, and A. R. Shahverdi, "Sub-inhibitory concentration of biogenic selenium nanoparticles lacks post antifungal effect for Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans and stimulates the growth of Aspergillus niger," Iranian journal of microbiology, vol. 5, p. 81, 2013.
[40] S. Dhanjal and S. S. Cameotra, "Aerobic biogenesis of selenium nanospheres by Bacillus cereus isolated from coalmine soil," Microbial cell factories, vol. 9, p. 1, 2010.
[41] P. J. Fesharaki, P. Nazari, M. Shakibaie, S. Rezaie, M. Banoee, M. Abdollahi, et al., "Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Klebsiella pneumoniae and their recovery by a simple sterilization process," Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 41, pp. 461-466, 2010.
[42] R. Cui, H. H. Liu, H. Y. Xie, Z. L. Zhang, Y. R. Yang, D. W. Pang, et al., "Living yeast cells as a controllable biosynthesizer for fluorescent quantum dots," Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 19, pp. 2359-2364, 2009.
[43] A. K. Suresh, "Extracellular bio-production and characterization of small monodispersed CdSe quantum dot nanocrystallites," Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 130, pp. 344-349, 2014.
[44] A. Shivashankarappa and K. Sanjay, "Study on Biological Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles by Bacillus licheniformis and Its Antimicrobial Properties against Food Borne Pathogens," Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research, vol. 3, pp. 6-15, 2015.
[45] P. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N. R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F. A. Rainey, et al., Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 3: The Firmicutes vol. 3: Springer Science & Business Media, 2011.
[46] W. G. Weisburg, S. M. Barns, D. A. Pelletier, and D. J. Lane, "16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study," Journal of bacteriology, vol. 173, pp. 697-703, 1991.
[47] A.-L. Reysenbach, L. J. Giver, G. S. Wickham, and N. R. Pace, "Differential amplification of rRNA genes by polymerase chain reaction," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 58, pp. 3417-3418, 1992.
[48] S. F. Altschul, T. L. Madden, A. A. Schäffer, J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, W. Miller, et al., "Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs," Nucleic acids research, vol. 25, pp. 3389-3402, 1997.
[49] J. D. Thompson, T. J. Gibson, F. Plewniak, F. Jeanmougin, and D. G. Higgins, "The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools," Nucleic acids research, vol. 25, pp. 4876-4882, 1997.
[50] K. Tamura, D. Peterson, N. Peterson, G. Stecher, M. Nei, and S. Kumar, "MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods," Molecular biology and evolution, vol. 28, pp. 2731-2739, 2011.
[51] A. Ahmad, P. Mukherjee, S. Senapati, D. Mandal, M. I. Khan, R. Kumar, et al., "Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum," Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 28, pp. 313-318, 2003.
[52] A. Bauer, W. Kirby, J. C. Sherris, and M. Turck, "Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method," American journal of clinical pathology, vol. 45, p. 493, 1966.
[53] S. Gurunathan, J. W. Han, D.-N. Kwon, and J.-H. Kim, "Enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria," Nanoscale research letters, vol. 9, p. 1, 2014.
[54] I. Wiegand, K. Hilpert, and R. E. Hancock, "Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances," Nature protocols, vol. 3, pp. 163-175, 2008.
[55] W.-R. Li, X.-B. Xie, Q.-S. Shi, H.-Y. Zeng, O.-Y. You-Sheng, and Y.-B. Chen, "Antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles on Escherichia coli," Applied microbiology and biotechnology, vol. 85, pp. 1115-1122, 2010.
[56] G. D. Christensen, W. Simpson, J. Younger, L. Baddour, F. Barrett, D. Melton, et al., "Adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to plastic tissue culture plates: a quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices," Journal of clinical microbiology, vol. 22, pp. 996-1006, 1985.
[57] S. Stepanovi?, D. Vukovi?, I. Daki?, B. Savi?, and M. Švabi?-Vlahovi?, "A modified microtiter-plate test for quantification of staphylococcal biofilm formation," Journal of microbiological methods, vol. 40, pp. 175-179, 2000.
[58] S. Javed, A. Sarwar, M. Tassawar, and M. Faisal, "Conversion of selenite to elemental selenium by indigenous bacteria isolated from polluted areas," Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability, vol. 27, pp. 162-168, 2015.
[59] A. Ahmad, S. Senapati, M. I. Khan, R. Kumar, R. Ramani, V. Srinivas, et al., "Intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a novel alkalotolerant actinomycete, Rhodococcus species," Nanotechnology, vol. 14, p. 824, 2003.
[60] N. Srivastava and M. Mukhopadhyay, "Biosynthesis and structural characterization of selenium nanoparticles using Gliocladium roseum," Journal of Cluster Science, vol. 26, pp. 1473-1482, 2015.
[61] V. Gürtler and V. A. Stanisich, "New approaches to typing and identification of bacteria using the 16S-23S rDNA spacer region," Microbiology, vol. 142, pp. 3-16, 1996.
[62] S. Tork, M. Aly, and L. Nawar, "Biochemical and molecular characterization of a new local keratinase producing Pseudomomanas sp., MS21," Asian J Biotechnol, vol. 2, pp. 1-13, 2010.
[63] M. A. Azcárate-Peril and R. R. Raya, "Methods for plasmid and genomic DNA isolation from Lactobacilli," Methods in Biotechnology, vol. 14, pp. 135-140, 2001.
[64] M. Shakibaie, H. Forootanfar, Y. Golkari, T. Mohammadi-Khorsand, and M. R. Shakibaie, "Anti-biofilm activity of biogenic selenium nanoparticles and selenium dioxide against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis," Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, vol. 29, pp. 235-241, 2015.
[65] M. Joshi, A. Bhattacharyya, and S. W. Ali, "Characterization techniques for nanotechnology applications in textiles," 2008.
[66] T. Hemalatha, G. Krithiga, B. S. Kumar, and T. P. Sastry, "Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite-Coated Selenium Nanoparticles and their Interaction with Osteosarcoma (SaOS-2) Cells," Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), vol. 27, pp. 1152-1158, 2014.
[67] B. Nair and T. Pradeep, "Coalescence of nanoclusters and formation of submicron crystallites assisted by Lactobacillus strains," Crystal Growth & Design, vol. 2, pp. 293-298, 2002.
[68] Z.-H. Lin and C. C. Wang, "Evidence on the size-dependent absorption spectral evolution of selenium nanoparticles," Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 92, pp. 591-594, 2005.
[69] A. Husen and K. S. Siddiqi, "Plants and microbes assisted selenium nanoparticles: characterization and application," Journal of nanobiotechnology, vol. 12, p. 28, 2014.
[70] A. Hnain, J. Brooks, and D. D. Lefebvre, "The synthesis of elemental selenium particles by Synechococcus leopoliensis," Applied microbiology and biotechnology, vol. 97, pp. 10511-10519, 2013.
[71] S. R. Santanu Sasidharan, Balakrishnaraja.R, "BIOSYNTHESIS OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES USING CITRUS
RETICULATA PEEL EXTRACT," colloids and Surfaces vol. 4, pp. 196–201, 2011.
[72] N. Srivastava and M. Mukhopadhyay, "Biosynthesis and structural characterization of selenium nanoparticles mediated by Zooglea ramigera," Powder technology, vol. 244, pp. 26-29, 2013.
[73] A. R. Ingole, S. R. Thakare, N. Khati, A. V. Wankhade, and D. Burghate, "Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles under ambient condition," Chalcogenide Lett, vol. 7, pp. 485-489, 2010.
[74] R. R. Mishra, S. Prajapati, J. Das, T. K. Dangar, N. Das, and H. Thatoi, "Reduction of selenite to red elemental selenium by moderately halotolerant Bacillus megaterium strains isolated from Bhitarkanika mangrove soil and characterization of reduced product," Chemosphere, vol. 84, pp. 1231-1237, 2011.
[75] M. Mukherje, "In vitro antimicrobial activity of polyacrylamide doped magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles," Int J Mater Mech Manuf, vol. 2, pp. 64-66, 2014.
[76] J. Huang, Q. Li, D. Sun, Y. Lu, Y. Su, X. Yang, et al., "Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by novel sundried Cinnamomum camphora leaf," Nanotechnology, vol. 18, p. 105104, 2007.
[77] A. Tani, S. Kato, Y. Kajii, M. Wilkinson, S. Owen, and N. Hewitt, "A proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry based system for determining plant uptake of volatile organic compounds," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 41, pp. 1736-1746, 2007.
[78] K. S. Prasad and K. Selvaraj, "Biogenic synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and their effect on As (III)-induced toxicity on human lymphocytes," Biological trace element research, vol. 157, pp. 275-283, 2014.
[79] J. Díaz-Visurraga, C. Daza, C. Pozo, A. Becerra, C. von Plessing, and A. García, "Study on antibacterial alginate-stabilized copper nanoparticles by FT-IR and 2D-IR correlation spectroscopy," Int J Nanomedicine, vol. 7, pp. 3597-3612, 2012.
[80] W. Zhang, Z. Chen, H. Liu, L. Zhang, P. Gao, and D. Li, "Biosynthesis and structural characteristics of selenium nanoparticles by Pseudomonas alcaliphila," Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 88, pp. 196-201, 2011.
[81] M. Lenz, B. Kolvenbach, B. Gygax, S. Moes, and P. F. Corvini, "Shedding light on selenium biomineralization: proteins associated with bionanominerals," Applied and environmental microbiology, pp. AEM. 01713-10, 2011.
[82] J. Dobias, E. I. Suvorova, and R. Bernier-Latmani, "Role of proteins in controlling selenium nanoparticle size," Nanotechnology, vol. 22, p. 195605, 2011.
[83] M. Yasuyuki, K. Kunihiro, S. Kurissery, N. Kanavillil, Y. Sato, and Y. Kikuchi, "Antibacterial properties of nine pure metals: a laboratory study using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli," Biofouling, vol. 26, pp. 851-858, 2010.
[84] P. Nagajyothi and K. Lee, "Synthesis of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Dioscorea batatas rhizome extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities," Journal of nanomaterials, vol. 2011, p. 49, 2011.
[85] G. Krishna, S. S. Kumar, V. Pranitha, M. Alha, and S. Charaya, "Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their synergistic effect with antibiotics: A study against salmonella SP," International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 7, pp. 84-88, 2015.
[86] X. Huang, X. Chen, Q. Chen, Q. Yu, D. Sun, and J. Liu, "Investigation of functional selenium nanoparticles as potent antimicrobial agents against superbugs," Acta biomaterialia, vol. 30, pp. 397-407, 2016.
[87] Y. Zhou, Y. Kong, S. Kundu, J. D. Cirillo, and H. Liang, "Antibacterial activities of gold and silver nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and bacillus Calmette-Guérin," Journal of Nanobiotechnology, vol. 10, p. 1, 2012.
[88] J. T. Seil and T. J. Webster, "Antimicrobial applications of nanotechnology: methods and literature," Int J Nanomedicine, vol. 7, pp. 2767-2781, 2012.
[89] H.-S. Joo and M. Otto, "Molecular basis of in vivo biofilm formation by bacterial pathogens," Chemistry & biology, vol. 19, pp. 1503-1513, 2012.
[90] E. Cremonini, E. Zonaro, M. Donini, S. Lampis, M. Boaretti, S. Dusi, et al., "Biogenic selenium nanoparticles: characterization, antimicrobial activity and effects on human dendritic cells and fibroblasts," Microbial Biotechnology, 2016.
[91] J. S. Webb, L. S. Thompson, S. James, T. Charlton, T. Tolker-Nielsen, B. Koch, et al., "Cell death in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development," Journal of bacteriology, vol. 185, pp. 4585-4592, 2003.
[92] E. Zonaro, S. Lampis, R. J. Turner, S. J. S. Qazi, and G. Vallini, "Biogenic selenium and tellurium nanoparticles synthesized by environmental microbial isolates efficaciously inhibit bacterial planktonic cultures and biofilms," Frontiers in microbiology, vol. 6, p. 584, 2015.
[93] K. A. A. A. Rahim and A. M. A. Mohamed, "Bactericidal and antibiotic synergistic effect of nanosilver against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus," Jundishapur journal of microbiology, vol. 8, 2015.

Downloads

Published

2018-08-03

How to Cite

El-Deeb, B., Al-Talhi, A., Mostafa, N., & Abou-assy, R. (2018). Biological Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles and Assessment of Their Antimicrobial Properties. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 45(1), 135–170. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/4035

Issue

Section

Articles