Seasonal Effect on Camel Milk Composition (Camelus dromedaries) Under Traditional and Intensive Management Systems in Butana Area-Sudan
Keywords:
Camel, milk, analysis, season, system.Abstract
A total of 147 camel milk samples from healthy she-camels (Camelus dromedaries) in different (parity numbers (one to fifth), different breeds and seasons) were randomly collected to investigate the effect of season on some chemical components of camels milk from intensive and traditional management systems in Butana area. Data obtained were analyzed with SPPS version 21 software using analysis of variance and independent-sample- T. Test. Results revealed that season had significant effect (P > 0.05) on camel milk components that were collected from intensive management system. Wherein lactose, free fatty acids (FFA) and titratable acidity values were markedly affected by season. Furthermore, season had significant affect on camel milk content under traditional management system particularly in fats, proteins, lactose and total solid values. Season interaction effects showed significant differences (P > 0.05) between systems in values of protein acidity during autumn and winter seasons. While, summer season had no affect on camel milk components in both intensive and traditional management system. The study concluded that season had significant effect on some chemical components of camel milk under traditional and intensive management system.
References
[2] Khan, B. B. and A. Igbal. 2001. Production and composition of camel milk: A review. Agric. Sci. 38(3-4):64-68.
[3] Ali, M.S. and Majid, A.A. Productive and reproductive characters of camels raised in Butana area in eastern Sudan. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on camels. 10 – 12 May, 2006. Qassim, Saudi Arabia. (2006). pp. 2339 – 2348.
[4] Saint-Martin, G.; Delmet, C.; Zubeir, A. R. Y.; Peyre, de Fabriques, B.; Harbi, M. S. M. A.; Bagadi, H. O. (1992). Camel Project of Butana : Final Report. Maison Alfort, France, IEMVT. pp. 128.
[5] Agab, H. Epidemiology of Camel Diseases in Eastern Sudan with Emphasis on Brucellosis. M.V.Sc. Thesis. University of Khartoum. PP. 172. 1993.
[6] Abbas, B.; Chabeuf, N.; Saint-Martin, G.; Bonnet, P.; Maillaird, A.; Beshir, H. and Musa, B. E 1992. Camel pastoralism in the Butana and north eastern Sudan: an interdisciplinary study. Nomadic Peoples. 31: 64 – 84.
[7] Lactoscan milk Analyzer (Milkotronic LTD, Europe) http://www.lactoscan.com/products_MCC.html)
[8] Dal Dairy Factory (DDF), Khartoum-North, Sudan.
[9] Knoess K.H., Makhudum A.J., Rafiq M., Hafeez M., 1986. Milk production potential of the dromedary with special reference to the province of Punjab, pakistan. World Anim. Rev., 57, 11-21, FAO, Rome (Italy).
10] Haddadin, M. S. Y., S. I. Gammoh and R. K. Robinson. 2008. Seasonal variations in the composition. J. Camelid Sci. 1:32-36.
[11] Yagil, R., Etzion, Z. 1980. Effect of drought conditions on the quality of camel milk. Journal of Dairy Research, 47:159- 162.
[12] Mohamed, I.E.M., El Owni, O.A.O., Mohamed, G.E. 1999. Effect of mastitis on milk quality of Friesian cows in Khartoum State. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences,69: 733- 735.
[13] Simon, M., Hasen, A.P. 2001. Effect of dairy packing materials on the shelf life and flavor of ultra pasteurized milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 84:784- 791.
[14] Mehaia, M.A., Hablas, M.A., Abdel- Rahman, K.M., El Mougy, S.A. 1995. Milk composition of Majaheim, Wadha and Hamra camels in Saudi Arabia. Food Chemistry, 52: 115- 122.
[15] Shuiep E.S., El Zubeir I.E.M., El Owni O.A.O. and Musa H.H. (2008). Influence of season and management on composition of raw cow camel (Camelus dromedarius).Trop. Subtrop. Agroecosys. 8,101-106.
[16] Elvan O. and Sebnem S. (2008). The effect of seasonal variation on the composition of cow milk in Van province. Pakistan J. Nutr. 7,161-164.
[17] Shuiep, E. S., I. E. M. Zubeir. 2008. Raw camel ( Camelus dromedarius) milk in Khartoum state, Sudan. Trop. Subtrop. Agroecosyst. 8:101-106.
[18] Bakheit, S. A., A. A. Majid and A. M. Nikhala. 2008. Camels (Camelus dromedarius) under pastoral systems in North Kordofan, Sudan: Seasonal and parity effects on milk chemical composition of camel milk in Jordan. J. Dairy Res. 75:8-12.
[19] Hamed1. H., ElFeki A., and Gargour A 2017. Influence of wet and dry season on milk composition of Dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) from Tunisia. Iranian journal of applied animal science, March, 2017.
[20] Nagy P., Faye B., Marko O., ThomasS., Wernery U. and Juhasz J. (2013). Microbiological quality and somatic cell count in bulk milk of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) descriptive statics, correlations and factors of variation. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 1-5.
[21] Konuspayeva, G., B. Faye and G. Loiseau. 2009. The composition of camel milk: A meta-analysis of the literature data. J. Food Compos. Anal. 22:95-101.
[22] Sallam A.B., Ali M.A.M. and Abdel Moneim M.A.N. (2008). Camels (Camelus dromedarius) under pastoral systems in North Kordofan, Sudan: Seasonal and parity effects on milk composition. J. Camel. Sci. 1,32-36.
[23] El Zubeir, I.E.M., Nour, E.M. 2006. Studies on some camel management practices and constrains in pre- urban areas of Khartoum State, Sudan. International Journal of Dairy Science,1: 104- 112.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.
