Benefits of Asam Gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) Tea as a Source of Antioxidant Compounds on Malondialdehyde Levels in Adults with Obesity
Keywords:
malondialdehyde, G.atroviridis, obesity, oxidative stress.Abstract
Garcinia atroviridis is one of the well-known plant grown in Indonesia that contains antioxidant compounds. Ingestion of G.atroviridis tea is expected to protect from oxidative stress. The aim of the this study was to evaluate the antioxidative benefit of G.atroviridis leaf tea on malondialdehyde levels of obese adults. This research recruited fifteen obese adults. All of the subjects were given G.atroviridis tea for a month. As a result, current study obtained statistically nonsignificant differences of post-test malondialdehyde levels compared with pre-test levels among all subjects. It can be concluded that G.atroviridis tea taken once daily for 30 days was not sufficient to decrease MDA levels significantly. Although anthropometric measures decreased significantly, the subjects were still in the criteria of obesity. In addition, the lifestyle factors that increases MDA should be avoided.
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[2] S. Furukawa, T. Fujita, M. Shimabukuro, M. Iwaki, Y. Yamada, Y. Nakajima, et al. "Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. vol.114, pp. 1752–61, 2004.
[3] A. D. Attie, P. E. Scherer. "Adipocyte metabolism and obesity". Journal of Lipid Research. vol.50, pp. S395–9, 2009 .
[4] J. M. Berg, J. L. Tymoczko, L. Stryer. (2002) "Triacylglycerols Are Highly Concentrated Energy Stores". In: Biochemistry. (5th edition). [On-line]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22369/ [Jun18,2017]
[5] C. P. Day, S. Saksena. "Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Definitions and pathogenesis". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. vol.17, pp. S377–84, 2002.
[6] P. A. Kern, M. Saghizadeh, J. M. Ong, R. J. Bosch, R. Deem, R. B. Simsolo. "The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. vol.95, pp. 2111–9, 1995.
[7] M. H. Fonseca-Alaniz, J. Takada, M. I. C. Alonso-Vale, F. B. Lima."Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: from theory to practice". Journal de Pediatria (Rio J). vol.83, pp. S192–203, 2007.
[8] A. Ayala, M. F. Munoz, S. Arguelles. "Lipid peroxidation: Production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. vol.2014, pp.1–31, 2014.
[9] R. Volinsky, P. K. J. Kinnunen. "Oxidized phosphatidylcholines in membrane-level cellular signaling: From biophysics to physiology and molecular pathology". Federation of European BBiochemical Society Journal. vol.280, pp. 2806–16, 2013.
[10] P. K. J. Kinnunen, K. Kaarniranta, A. K. Mahalka. "Protein-oxidized phospholipid interactions in cellular signaling for cell death: From biophysics to clinical correlations". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. vol. 1818, pp.2446 - 55, 2012.
[11] A. Reis, C. M. Spickett. "Chemistry of phospholipid oxidation". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. vol.1818, pp. 2374–87, 2012.
[12] S. Li, H-Y. Tan, N. Wang, Z-J. Zhang, L. Lao, C-W. Wong, et al. "The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Liver Diseases". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. vol.16, pp. 26087–124, 2015.
[13] A. R. Abdullah, N. A. Bakhari, H. Osman. "Study on the Relationship of the Phenolic, Flavonoid and Tannin Content to the Antioxidant Activity of Garcinia Atroviridis". Universal Journal of Applied Science. vol.1, pp. 95–100, 2013.
[14] H. A. Jung, B. N. Su, W. J. Keller, R. G. Mehta, A. D. Kinghorn. "Antioxidant xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen)". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. vol. 54, pp. 2077–82, 2006.
[15] I. Nursakinah, H. A. Zulkhairi, M. Norhafizah, B. Hasnah, S. Zamree, S. I. Farrah, et al. "Nutritional content and in vitro antioxidant potential of garcinia atroviridis (asam gelugor) leaves and fruits". Malaysian Journal of Nutrition. vol. 18, pp. 363–71, 2012.
[16] M. M. Mackeen, A. M. Ali, N. H. Lajis, K. Kawazu, Z. Hassan, M. Amran, et al. "Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumour-promoting and cytotoxic activities of different plant part extracts of Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. vol. 72, pp.395–402, 2000.
[17] S. Syukur, Syafrizayanti, S. Zulaiha, M. Ismet, E. Fachrial. "Virgin Coconut Oil Increase High Density Lipoprotein ( LDL ), Lower Triglyceride And Fatty Acids Profile ( C6-C18 ) In Blood Serum of Mus musculus". Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. vol.8, pp.1077–81, 2017.
[18] W. C. Stallings, J. F. Blount, P. A. Srere, J. P. Glusker. "Structural studies of hydroxycitrates and their relevance to certain enzymatic mechanisms". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. vol.193, pp.431–48, 1979.
[19] A. C. Sullivan, M. Singh, P. A. Srere, J. P. Glusker. "Reactivity and Inhibitor Potential of Hydroxycitrate Isomers with Citrate Synthase , Citrate Lyase , and ATP Citrate Lyase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. vol. 252, pp.7583–90, 1977.
[20] R. D. Mattes, L. Bormann. "Effects of (-)-hydroxycitric acid on appetitive variables". Physiology and Behaviour. vol. 71, pp. 87–94, 2000.
[21] I-S. Cheng, S-W. Huang, H-C. Lu, C-L. Wu, Y-C. Chu, S-D. Lee, et al. "Oral hydroxycitrate supplementation enhances glycogen synthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle". British Journal of Nutrition. vol. 107, pp. 1048–55, 2012.
[22] A. Kondo, Y. Muranaka, I. Ohta, K. Notsu, M. Manabe, K. Kotani, et al. "Relationship between Triglyceride Concentrations and LDL Size Evaluated by Malondialdehyde- modified LDL". Clinical Chemistry. vol. 47, pp. 893–900, 2001.
[23] C.J.R.E. Lumbantobing, E. Yerizel, S. Syukur, E. Purwati. "Decreased of Levels of Triglyceride in Subjects Drinking Garcinia atroviridis Leaf Tea from Sijunjung - West Sumatra , Indonesia". American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering Technology, and Sciences.vol. 33, pp. 296–304, 2017.
[24] P. Williams, M. Ongsakul, J. Proudfoot, K. Croft, L. Beilin. "Mangostin Inhibits the Oxidative Modification of Human Low Density Lipoprotein". Free Radical Research. vol. 23, pp. 175–84, 1995.
[25.] F. Nielsen, B. B. Mikkelsen, J. B. Nielsen, H. R. Andersen, P. Grandjean. "Plasma malondialdehyde as biomarker for oxidative stress?: reference interval and effects of life-style factors". Clinical Chemistry. vol. 43, pp. 1209–14, 1997.
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Published
2017-08-07
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Lumbantobing, C. J. R. E., Syukur, S., Yerizel, E., & Purwati, E. (2017). Benefits of Asam Gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) Tea as a Source of Antioxidant Compounds on Malondialdehyde Levels in Adults with Obesity. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 34(1), 198–204. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/3233
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