Prevalence and Diversity of Internal Cestode Parasites Infected Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Farmers Fresh Water Ponds in Kenya

Authors

  • Haji Mjaka Khamis Department of Biological & Physical Science, P.O Box 3900 Moi University, Kenya.
  • Dorcus Luswet Department of Biological & Physical Science, P.O Box 3900 Moi University, Kenya.
  • Paul Sagwe Orina Department of Biological & Physical Science, P.O Box 3900 Moi University, Kenya.

Keywords:

Internal cestode parasites, stunted and mortality.

Abstract

This study is one of series of paper expected to occur in this journal (Part of my PhD work Moi University2014-17). The study conducted between January 2016--June 2016 involved three counts, Kirinyaga, Kisii, and Uasin gishu of Kenya, with the aim to investigate problems of stunted and mortality of 520 fishes of these two species of fresh water from farmer ponds were randomly sampled and examined for internal cestode parasites. 100 fish were C. gariepinus and 420 O. niloticus. These specimens were killed by scissors or a knife and then dissected internal organs placed in Petri dish mixed well with sodium chloride solution different parasites observed and identified using common characteristics and standard keys. The over roll results show that 240 (46.2%) of the total fish examined were infected by different parasites. C. gariepinus had a higher infection rate 55(55.0%) out of the 100 fish sampled compared to O. niloticus 185 (44.1%) of the 420 fish sampled.  Prevalence and diversity of internal parasites.  Diphyllobothrium latum (34.59%), Proteocephalus spp (49.62%), Caryophyllidea spp(13.53%) and mixed infection (2.26%)  Statistically Significance was tested at 0.05,The study findings show t that there was a significant relationship ( p=0.0002) between the type of fish and the number of parasites Also insignificant Relationship  observed between  internal cestode parasites and sampled fish on length (0.06657), weight(0.1690)  and sexes (0.3668).  The study concluded that the C. gariepinus are more   attacked by internal cestode parasites compared O. niloticus.  Our study suggest that farmers to keep more species with higher tolerance with parasites.

References

[1] Abila, O. R. (2003). Case study: Kenya fish exports. In: Food Safety in Food security and Food Trade, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D. C
[2] Abowei, J. F. N., Briyai, O. F., & Bassey, S. E. (2011). A Review of Some Basic Parasite Diseasesin Culture Fisheries Flagellids, Dinoflagellides and Ichthyophthriasis, Ichtyobodiasis, Coccidiosis Trichodiniasis, Heminthiasis, Hirudinea Infestation, Crustacean Parsite and Ciliates, 2(5), 213–226.
[3] Akinsanya 1 B, A.A. Hassan2 & A.O. Adeogun (2008) Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of the fish Synodontis Clarias (Siluriformes: Mochokidae) from Lekki lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria [4] Akoll, P., Konecny, R., Mwanja, W. W., Nattabi, J. K., Agoe, C., & Schiemer, F. (2011). Parasite fauna of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Uganda.http://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2491-4.
[5]Amare A, Alemayehu A,& Aylate A (2014) Prevalence of Internal Parasitic Helminthes Infected Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia), &Clarias gariepinus( African catfish}
[6] Bellay, S., Oliveira, E. F. D. E., & Mello, M. A. R. (2012a). Ectoparasites and endoparasites of fi sh form networks with di ff erent strBellay, S., Oliveira, E. F. D. E., & Mello, M. A. R. (2012). Ectoparasites and endoparasites of fi sh form networks with different structures. http://doi.org/10.1017/S00311820150.http://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182015000128
[6] Bellay, S., Oliveira, E. F. D. E., & Mello, M. A. R. (2012b). Ectoparasites and endoparasites of fish form networks with different structures. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182015000128
[8] Bhure Dhanraj Balbhim and Sanjay Shamrao Nanware(2014) Studies on prevalence of cestode parasites of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2014; 2 (4): 283-285
[9] Bob-manuel, F. G., & Harcourt, P. (2013). Food and Feeding Habits of Tilapia guineensis( 1862) in Rumuolumeni Creek , Niger Delta?: Implications for Pisciculture, 5(1), 41–45
[10] Charo-Karisa H and Gichuri M. (2010). Overview of the Fish Farming Enterprise Productivity Program. In: End of Year Report Fish Farming Enterprise Productivity Program Phase I. Aquaculture Development Working Group Ministry of Fisheries Development, Nairobi, KE
[11] Choundhury, A .,Charipar, E., Nelson, P. ,Hodgson, J. R., Bonar, S. and Cole, R. A. (2006). Update on the distribution of the invasive Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, in the U.S. and Canada. Comparative Parasitololgy, 73: 269–273. [5]
[12] Corps, P. (1976). Freshwater Fish Pond Culture & Management
[13] Doreen Z. Moyo, Chakanetsa Chimbira and Phumuzile Yalala(2009) Observations on the Helminthes Parasites of Fish in Insukamini Dam, Zimbabwe Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(5): 782-785
[14] Edema, C. U., Okaka, C. E., Oboh, I. P., & Okogub, B. O. (2008). A preliminary study of parasitic infections of some fishes from Okhuo River , Benin City , Nigeria ., 4(3), 107–112.
[15] El-seify, M. A., Zaki, M. S., Desouky, A. R. Y., Abbas, H. H., Hady, O. K. A., & Zaid, A. A. A. (2011). Seasonal Variations and Prevalence of Some External Parasites Affecting Freshwater Fishes Reared at Upper Egypt, 8(3), 397–400.
[16] Eyo Joseph Effiong and Florence Oyibo Iyaji (2014) Parasites of clarotes Laticeps (Reppull 1832 Siluri forms, Bagridie) at River Niger-Benue Confluence lokoje, Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries and Aquat Science 9(3) 125-133.
[17] . Gumpinger, (2016) Parasite Species Richness of fish from Lake Baringo, Kenya
[18] Hine PM (1975). Final report on investigation into diseases and parasites of wild and farmed eels in South Africa. Report to JLB Smits Institute of Ichthyology, Grahams town, Republic of South Africa. Jackson PBN (1978). Health and disease in intensive aquaculture. J.S.A. Vet. Ass., 49: 57–59.
[19] Horwitz, P., and Wilcox, B. A. (2005). Parasites, ecosystems and sustainability: An ecological and complex systems perspective. International Journal for Parasitology, 35: 725–732
[20] Justine, J., Briand, M., Bray, R. A., Justine, J., Briand, M., & A, R. A. B. (2012). A quick and simple method , usable in the field , for collecting parasites in suitable condition for both morphological and molecular studies.
[21] Jacob, J, H., Anger, J. Vitale., Srinarasan,(2007) Ecnomic demage in Kenyas upper of Arc ViewSweat.Journal of spatial Hydrology.7:1.
[22] Khalil, M. I, El-Shahawy, I. S, and Abdelkader, H. S (2014). Studies on some fish parasites of public health importance in the southern area of Saudi Arabia. Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol., Jaboticabal, v. 23, n. 4, p. 435-442.
[23] León, G. P. De, Rosas-valdez, R., Aguilar-aguilar, R., Mendoza-, B., Pérez-rodríguez, R., &as Domínguez-domínguez, O. (2010). Helminth parasites of freshwater fishes , Nazas River basin , northern Mexico.
[24] Lugo, L. (2014). Prevalence of Internal Parasitic Helminthes Infected Oreochromis niloticus ( Nile Tilapia ), Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish) and Cyprinus, 5(3). http://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000233
[25] Mathenge. (2010). Prevalence , Intensity And Pathological Lesions Associated With Helminth Infections In Farmed And Wild Fish In Upper Tana River Basin , Kenya Charles Gichohi Mathenge ( Bvm , Uon ).
[26] Mdegela R.H , Omary A N, Mathew.C and Nonga H E,( 2011) Effect of Pond Management on Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Small Scale Fish Farming Systems I Morogoro, Tanzania Livestock Research for Rural Development. 23 (6) 2011
[27] Moyo Doreen Z. , Chakanetsa Chimbira and Phumuzile Yalala(2009) Observations on the Helminthes Parasites of Fish in Insukamini Dam, Zimbabwe. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(5): 782-785
[28] Omeji,S.,S.G.SolomonAndUloko,C(2013)Comparative Study On The Endo-Parasitic Infestation In Clarias Gariepinus Collected From Earthen And Concrete Ponds In Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) ISSN: 2319-2380, ISBN: 2319-2372. Volume 2, Issue 1 PP 45-49www.iosrjournals.org
[29] Raissy, M., Ansari, M., Lashkari, A., & Jalali, B. (2010). Occurrence of parasites in selected fish species in Gandoman Lagoon , Iran, 9(3), 464–471.
[30] Rewaida Abdel-Gaber*, Manal El Garhy,& Kareem Morsy(2015) Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth Parasites of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in Lake Manzala, Egypt Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology,2015, 6, 464-469
[31] Scholz, T., . Kuchta, R., A Brabec, J., and Bray, R. (2011). Suppression of the tapeworm order Pseudophyllidea (Platy helminthes: Eucestoda) and the proposal of two new orders, Bothriocephalidea and Diphyllobothriidea. International Journal for Parasitology, 38: 49–5
[32] Sriyasak, P., Chitmanat, C., Whangchai, N., Promya, J., Lebel, L., & Abbas, H. H. (2013). Effects of Temperature upon Water Turnover in Fish Ponds in Northern Thailand, 2013(September), 18–23.
[33] Waeschenbach, A., Webster, B. L., and Littlewoods, D. T. J. (2012). Adding resolution to ordinal level relationships of tapeworms (Platy helminthes: Cestoda) with large fragments of mt DNA. Molecular
[34] FAO, 2015. FAO Global Aquaculture Production database updated to 2013 – 2014 Summary information.
[7] Ash, A. (2012). Diversity of tapeworms (Cestoda) in freshwater fish of India. Ph.D.
Thesis, in English, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in ýeské Bud?jovice, Czech Republic
[35] Ayanda, O. I. (2009). Comparative parasitic helminth infection between cultured and wild species of Clarias gariepinus in Ilorin, North – Central Nigeria. Scientific Research and Essay, 4: pp. 018-021, ISSN 1992-2248. Accessed at http: //www.academicjournal.org/SRE on 2nd May 2009, 176 pp
[36] Bush A. O., Lafferty K. D., Lotz J. M., Shostak A. W., 1997, Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited, J. Parasitology., 83 (4),575–583.
[37] Yagamuti, 1934 in yellow fish in the Vaal Dam, South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 72, 207–217.
[38] Muhammad Shafiq Ahmed, Tahir Iqbal Amjad ,Mahmood Muhammad Gulzarin andMuhammad Abid, (2007) helminth parasites of some freshwater fishes Punjab Univ. J. Zool., Vol. 22 (1-2), pp. 01-06, 2007
[40] Biu, A. A., & Akorede, G. J. (2013): Prevalence of Endoparasites of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 1:1–6
[41] Yimer, E. (2000). Preliminary survey of Parasites and Bacterial Pathogens of fish at Lake Ziway. Ethiopian Journal of Science, 23(1): 25–33
[42] (Tasawar et al., 2007)………..
[43] Abdel-gaber et al., (2015)………………..

Downloads

Published

2017-08-04

How to Cite

Khamis, H. M., Luswet, D., & Orina, P. S. (2017). Prevalence and Diversity of Internal Cestode Parasites Infected Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Farmers Fresh Water Ponds in Kenya. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 34(1), 123–137. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/3076

Issue

Section

Articles