Advanced Electrochemical Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Part I: Electrocoagulation
Keywords:
electrocoagulation, structure of colloids, wastewater, electrochemical reactions.Abstract
This paper aims to provide an overview of electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment. Part I focuses on the basic theory development and application of electro-coagulation. Electrocoagulation is advanced and innovative method which involves direct interaction between the ions of sacrificial metal anode and the pollutants in the water. The dissolved metal ions from sacrificial anode release in wastewater, coagulate with pollutant in wastewater in a manner similar to the traditionally one where chemicals are added for coagulation. The traditionally used chemicals, alum and ferric salts, liberate both, cations and anions. In electrocoagulation there is no supplemental addition of anions and therefore, no increase in salinity of the treated water. The quantity of sludge produced is smaller than that produced during chemical treatment. In the first part of the paper is given the importance for saving the fresh water and cleaning of wastewater using traditionally methods as: physical/mechanical methods, chemical methods and biological methods. In the second part the structure of colloids and traditional coagulation widely using in nowadays is presented. In the third part, an overview of detailed electrocoagulation theory, supported by literature survey for application in wastewater treatment plants, is given
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[5] K. Oldham. “A Gouy-Chapman-Stern Model of the Double Layer at a Metal/ionic Liquid Interface”. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 613, pp. 131-138, Feb. 2008
[6] Z. Stojek. The Electrical double layer and its structure in Electro-analytical Methods, Guide to Experiments and Applications, ed. F. Scholz, Ed. Springer Werlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010, pp. 3-9
[7] J. Overbeek. “Recent Developments in the Understanding of Colloid Stability”. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 58, pp. 408–422, Feb. 1977
[8] P. Moussas, A. Zouboulis. “A new Inorganic-organic Composite Coagulant Consisting of Polyferric Sulphate (PFS) and Polyacrylamide (PAA). Water Research, vol. 43, pp. 3511-3524, Aug. 2009
[9] Y. Matsui, T. Matsushita, S. Sakuma, T. Gojo, T. Mamiya, H. Suzuoki, T. Inoue. “Virus Inactivation in Aluminum and Polyaluminum Coagulation”. Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 37, pp. 5175–5180, Iss: 22, Oct. 2003
[10] I. Xagoraraki, G. Harrington. “Zeta Potential, Dissolved Organic Carbon and Removal of Cryptosporidium Oocytes by Coagulation and Sedimentation”. Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 130, pp. 1424-1432, Dec. 2004
[11] A. Dietrich. “Electric Water Purifier, U. S. Patent No. 823, 671, Jun. 19 (1906)
[12] F. Stuart. “Electronic Water Purification; Progress Report on the Electronic Coagulator, a New Device Which Gives Promise of Unusually Speedy and Effective Results”. Water and Sewage, vol. 84, pp. 24-26, 1946
[13] C. Bonilla. “Possibilities of the Electronic Coagulator for Water Treatment”. Water and Sewage, vol. 85, pp. 21-22, 1947
[14] P. Holt, G. Barton, C. Mitchell. “The Future of Electrocoagulation as a Localized Water Treatment Technology. Chemosphere, vol. 9, pp. 335-367, Apr. 2005
[15] P. Canizares, F. Martinez, C. Jimenez, C. Saez, M. Rorigo, “Technical an Economic Comparison of Conventional and Electrochemical Coagulation Processes”. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, vol. 84, pp. 702-710, May. 2009
[16] W. Chou, C. Wang, K. Huang. “Effect of Operating Parameters on Indium (III) Ion Removal by Iron Electrocoagulation and Evaluation of Specific Energy Consumption”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 167, pp. 467-474, Aug. 2009
[17] A. Dalvand, M. Gholami, A. Joneidi, N. Mahmoodi, “Dye Removal, Energy Consumption and Operating Cost of Electrocoagulation of Textile Wastewater as a Clean Process”. CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, vol. 39, pp. 665-672, Jul. 2011
[18] C. Escobar, C. Soto-Salazar, M. Toral. “Optimization of the Electrocoagulation Process for the Removal of Copper, Lead and Cadmium in Natural Waters and Simulated Wastewater”. Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 81, pp. 384–391, Dec. 2006
[19] N. Tambo. “Basic Concepts and Innovative Turn of Coagulation/flocculation”. Water Supply, vol. 9, pp. 1–10, Iss: 1, 1991
[20] S. Khoufi, F. Feki, S. Sayadi. “Detoxification of Olive Mill Wastewater by Electrocoagulation and Sedimentation Processes”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 142, pp. 58–67, Apr. 2007
[21] A. Bukhari. “Investigation of the Electrocoagulation Treatment Process for the Removal of Total Suspended Solids and Turbidity from Municipal Wastewater”. Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, pp.9 14-921, Iss. 5, Mar. 2008
[22] S. Zodi, O. Potier, F. Lapicque, J. Leclerc. “Treatment of the Industrial Wastewater by Electrocoagulation: Optimization of Couple Electrochemical and Sedimentation Processes”. Desalination, vol. 261, pp. 186-190, Oct. 2010
[23] P. Canizares, F. Martinez, M. Rodrigo, C. Jimenez, C. Saez, J. Laboto. “Modeling of Wastewater Electro-coagulation Processes: Part I. General Description and Application to Kaolin-polluted Wastewaters”. Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 60, pp. 155-161, Apr.2008
[24] M. Kilic, C. Hosten. “A Comparative Study of Electrocoagulation and Coagulation in Aqueous Suspensions of Kaolinite Powders”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 176, pp. 735-740, Apr. (2010)
[25] I. Heidmann, W. Calmano. “Removal of Ni, Cu and Cr from a Galvanic Wastewater in an Electro-coagulation System with Fe and Al Electrodes”. Separation and Purification Technology vol. 71, pp. 308-314, Mar. (2010)
[26] F. Akbal, S. Camc. “Copper, Chromium and Nickel Removal from Metal Plating Wastewater by Electrocoagulation”. Desalination, vol. 269, pp. 214–222, Mar. 2011
[27] O. Abdelwahab, N. Amin, E. Ashtoukhy. “Electrochemical Removal of Phenol from Oil Refinery Wastewater”. Journal of Hazardous Materiaols, vol. 163, pp.711-716, Apr. 2009
[28] G. Sleptsov, A. Gladkii, E. Sokol, S. Novikova. “Electrocoagulation Treatment of Oil Emulsion Wastewaters of Industrial Enterprises”. Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materiajalov, vol. 6, pp. 69-72, 1987
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2015-10-29
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Mickova, I. L. (2015). Advanced Electrochemical Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Part I: Electrocoagulation. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 14(2), 233–257. Retrieved from https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/1016
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